Info
A. Two weeks
- Motor (fine and gross)
- Stares at face and tracks 90° horizontally
- Turns to voice
- Symmetrical movements
- Social: none
- Language: none
- Parenting
- Normal Increase in crying which peaks at 6 weeks
B. Two Months
- Motor
- Lifts head in prone
- Social
- Smiles in response to social overtures
- Language
- Listens and responds when speaker quiet
- Parenting
- Impossible to spoil infant by picking up when cries
C. Four Months
- Motor
- Pull to sit with head lag
- Holds rattle then lets go
- Social
- Regards stranger with interest or pleasure
- Cognitive
- Stares at one hands
- Crumples paper joyfully
- Language
- Recognizes sounds
- Excited by parents' voice
- Parenting
- Put to bed while still drowsy
- Do not rock to sleep
D. Six Months
- Motor
- Firm grasp of objects
- Passes cube from one hand to another
- Social: as above
- Cognitive
- Looks after a fallen object
- Language
- Babbles
- Parenting
- Routines important
- Sleep and separation problems may begin
E. Nine Months
- Motor
- Thumb-finger or pincer grasp
- Grabs Crayons efficiently
- Sits stablely
- Social
- Plays peek-a-boo
- Pat-a-cake
- Cognitive
- Inspects Object, then mouths
- Bangs Cubes
- Language: as above
- Parenting
- Avoid feeding battles
- Give child spoon
- Continue finger foods
F. Twelve Months
- Motor
- First Steps
- Social
- Consolable
- Willing to explore new environments from safety of parents lap
- Cognitive
- Looks for hidden object
- Object constancy
- Language
- First words other than mama or dada
- Jargoning
- Parenting: as above
G. Fifteen Months
- Motor
- Walks well
- Social
- Reads parents expressions to see if safe to explore
- Cognitive
- Uses objects correctly in play
- Language
- Follows single-step command without gestures
- Speaks at least on word
- Parenting
- Equate discipline with teaching
- Give frequent praise
- Providing choices reduces power struggles
H. Eighteen Months
- Motor
- Walks up steps
- Walks backwards
- Social: as above
- Cognitive
- Works wind-up toys b. Understands cause and effect such as on-off buttons
- Language
- Six words that are not echolalic
- Indicates desired objects with index finger not whole hand
- Parenting: as above
I. Twenty Four Months
- Motor
- Walks backwards
- Social
- Increase in clingy behavior
- Cognitive
- Understands substitution (in play one object stands for another)
- Language
- Two word phrases
- Points to at least one body part
- Parenting
- Pick battles selectively to minimize power struggles
- Cognitive development is delayed in cocaine-exposed infants [2]
J. Thirty Months
- Motor
- Walks up and down steps independently
- Copies
- Social
- Mostly self dresses
- Daytime diaper dryness (average age)
- Cognitive
- Combines play actions (able to rock doll and put to bet)
- Language
- Names several body parts
- Able to follow tow prepositional commands
- Parenting: as above
K. Three Years
- Motor
- Jumps with both feet off the floor
- Mature crayon grasp
- Social
- Separates from caregivers more easily
- Nigh time diaper dryness (average age)
- Cognitive
- Plays out familiar events and changes outcome
- Language
- Three to four word sentence
- Gives full name
L. Four Years
- Motor
- Balances on one foot for four to five seconds
- Social
- Understands taking turns
- Arbitrates dispute with words not hitting
- Cognitive
- Draws a person with three or more body parts
- Role assignments in play
- Language
- Speaks in sentences
- Grammar is usually correct
- Asks questions
M. Five Years
- Motor
- Balances on one foot for 5-10 seconds
- Copies square and triangle shape
- Social
- Plays well in a group of children
- Dresses with little help
- Cognitive
- Plays out imaginary scripts
- Beginning to understand and question surrounding world
- Language
- Correct use of "I" and "me"
- Past tense
- Plurals
N. Six Years
- Motor
- Walks backward
- Heal to toe walking
- Begins sport and dance
- Copies diamond shape
- Social
- Understands rule-based games
- Has best friend
- Cognitive
- Repeats a four digit string
- Counts 5 items
- Simple math
- Language
- Fluency
- Names 4-5 things to eat or wear in twenty seconds
- Knows names of all letters
- Recognizes a few words
O. Seven Years
- Cognitive
- Understands same and different concept
- Knows left from right
- Masters addition
- Social: as above
- Cognitive: as above
- Language
- Defines simple adjectives and pronouns
- Tells more complex stories
- Parenting
- Increase responsibilities at home
- Assign specific chores
- Often attach positive outcome to carrying out chores
P. Eight Years
- Spells most one syllable words
- Increasingly complex stories
- Normal puberty (Tanner stage 2 in girls) can begin at 8 (through 13) years old [3]
- Growth hormone increased height in short normal children (>2 SD below mean height) [4]
- No untoward effects on pubertal progression
- No changes in cardiac parameters
- Increases in insulin and insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) during treatment
- Duration of therapy was 6.5 years on average
- Short normal children reached mean height levels with treatment
Q. Nine to Ten Years
- Motor
- Plays sports
- Cognitive
- Repeats four digits in reverse
- Lists days of the week backwards
- Three object recall at 10 minutes
- Simple addition, subtraction, multiplication and division calculations
- Understands time concept
- Language
- Spells simple two syllable words
- Puberty for boys (Tanner stage 2, initial pubic hair, penile enlargement) age 9.5-13.5 years [3]
References
- American Academy of Pediatrics. 1997. Guidelines for Health Supervision. Third Edition
- Singer LT, Arendt R, Minnes S, et al. 2002. JAMA. 287(15):1952
- Carel JC and L©ger J. 2008. NEJM. 358(20):2366
- McCaughey ES, Mulligan J, Voss LD, Betts PR. 1998. Lancet. 351(9107):940