section name header

Info

  1. All of the following are true concerning estrogen replacement therapy EXCEPT [1]:
    A. Estrogens reduce endothelial cell activation and increase nitric oxide
    B. Estrogens reduce platelet aggregation and reduce thromboembolic risk
    C. ERT can increase bone mineral density and reduces the risk of fractures
    D. ERT improves the overall lipid profile and reduces cardiovascular risk
    E. Standard ERT may increase the risk of breast cancer by a small amount
  2. A 48 year old woman with a family history of osteoporosis and breast cancer (in a mother and a sister) presents with symptoms of menopause. She has a normal uterus and her last menstruation was 4 months prior to presentation. She is very concerned about the risk of bone loss as well as breast cancer. Her FSH and LH levels are elevated. Along with calcium and vitamin D, which of the following is most appropriate [2]:
    A. Standard hormone replacement therapy (estrogen + progesterone)
    B. Tamoxifen (Nolvadex®) 10mg po qd
    C. Raloxifene (Evista®) 60mg po qd
    D. Premarin 0.625mg po qd
    E. Premarin 0.312mg po qd
  3. All of the following are true concerning GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) EXCEPT [3]:
    A. Alcohol and benzodiazepines both bind to the GABA-A Receptor
    B. Major inhibitory neurotransmitter in brain
    C. Low brain concentrations of GABA are associated with resistance to anti-seizure drugs
    D. Many anti-seizure drugs potentiate GABA action or act on its receptor(s)
    E. A minority of mammallian brain neurons are believed to be GABAergic
  4. All of the following are UNDERUSED in the elderly EXCEPT [4]:
    A. Anticholinergic Agents
    B. Pain medications
    C. Antidepressants
    D. Acetaminophen
    E. Vaccines
  5. All of the following are true concerning glucocorticoids EXCEPT [5]:
    A. Glucocorticoids are natural and essential hormones involved in stress responses
    B. Long term glucocorticoid use can lead to suppression of adrenal function
    C. Glucocorticoids reduce bone mineral density and increase fracture risk
    D. Glucocorticoids directly cause gastric ulceration, particularly in patients with H. pylori
    E. Glucocorticoids cause apoptosis in eosinophils and lymphocytes
  6. All of the following are reasonable indications for glucocorticoids EXCEPT [6]:
    A. Replacement therapy in patients with Addison's Disease (adrenal insufficiency)
    B. Local treatment for non-infected, highly inflamed joints
    C. Emergent treatment for giant cell arteritis in patients with ocular symptoms
    D. Chronic therapy for patients with moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis
    E. Chronic therapy for patients with Wegener's Granulomatosis
  7. All of the following should be monitored during chronic glucocorticoid therapy EXCEPT[7]:
    A. Markers of bone metabolism and/or bone mineral density
    B. Blood Pressure
    C. Serum adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
    D. Plasma glucose levels
    E. Lipid parameters
  8. All of the following are approved indications for Growth Hormone EXCEPT [8]:
    A. Growth hormone deficiency in children
    B. End-stage renal disease in children
    C. Growth hormone deficiency in adults
    D. Osteoporosis after hormone replacement therapy
    E. HIV wasting syndrome in adults
  9. Desmopressin (d-amino-d-arginine vasopressin) is useful for all of the following EXCEPT [9]:
    A. Mild Factor VIII Deficiency (Hemophilia A)
    B. Mild Factor IX Deficiency (Hemophilia B)
    C. Von Willebrand's Disease
    D. Bleeding due to uremia
    E. Platelet dysfunction due to aspirin or ticlopidine
  10. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT [10]:
    A. Factor VIII therapy is effective for acquired Hemophilia A
    B. Aprotonin blocks chymotrypsin and other proteases
    C. Factor VIII replacement therapy is indicated for severe Hemophilia A
    D. E-Aminocaproic Acid (EACA) blocks plasmin action
    E. Aprotonin reduces blood loss in major cardiac surgery

Answers navigator

  1. B
  2. C (Tamoxifen causes uterine hyperplasia and increases risk of endometrial cancer.)
  3. E (About 70% of brain neurons are believed to be GABAergic.)
  4. A (Anticholinergic agents are often overused with poor appreciation of their side effects.)
  5. D (Glucocorticoids may inhibit healing of ulcers, but they are not directly ulcerogenic.)
  6. E (Cytotoxic agents should be used in patients with Wegener's Granulomatosis.)
  7. C
  8. D
  9. B
  10. A