One rand omized trial (UKCCCR) included patients with T1 and 2 tumors, however results were not analyzed according to primary tumor stage, thus it is unclear if treatment with chemotherapy can be eliminated.

Retrospective data show mixed results for the elimination of concurrent chemotherapy.

Rand omized data showed combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy improves disease-free survival, local control, and colostomy-free survival.

Concurrent chemotherapy is currently recommended for this patient population by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network.

Reference(s)

• UKCCCR Anal Cancer Trial Working Party. UK Co-ordinating Committee on Cancer Research. Epidermoid anal cancer: results from the UKCCCR rand omised trial of radiotherapy alone versus radiotherapy, 5-fluorouracil, and mitomycin. Lancet. 1996;348:1049-1054.