Laboratory Values in DKA and HHS (Representative Ranges at Presentation)

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Table 23-1

Laboratory Values in DKA and HHS (Representative Ranges at Presentation)

	DKA	HHS
Glucose,^a mmol/L (mg/dL)	13.9-33.3 (250-600)	33.3-66.6 (600-1200)^c
Sodium, meq/L	125-135	135-145
Potassium,^a meq/L	Normal to ↑^b	Normal
Magnesium^a	Normal^b	Normal
Chloride^a	Normal	Normal
Phosphate^a	Normal to ↓^b	Normal
Creatinine, µmol/L (mg/dL)	Slightly ↑	Moderately ↑
Osmolality (mosmol/mL)	300-320	330-380
Plasma ketones^a	++++	±
Serum bicarbonate,^a meq/L	<15 meq/L	Normal to slightly ↓
Arterial pH	6.8-7.3	>7.3
Arterial PCO₂,^a mmHg	20-30	Normal
Anion gap^a [Na - (Cl + HCO₃)], meq/L	↑	Normal to slightly ↑

^aLarge changes occur during treatment of DKA.

^bAlthough plasma levels may be normal or high at presentation, total-body stores are usually depleted.

^cLarge changes occur during treatment

Abbreviations: DKA, diabetic ketoacidosis; HHS, hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state.