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Table 109-1

Diagnostic Criteria for Human Cysticercosisa

  1. Absolute criteria
    1. Demonstration of cysticerci by histologic or microscopic examination of biopsy material
    2. Visualization of the parasite in the eye by funduscopy
    3. Neuroradiologic demonstration of cystic lesions containing a characteristic scolex
  2. Major criteria
    1. Neuroradiologic lesions suggestive of neurocysticercosis
    2. Demonstration of antibodies to cysticerci in serum by enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot
    3. Resolution of intracranial cystic lesions spontaneously or after therapy with albendazole or praziquantel alone
  3. Minor criteria
    1. Lesions compatible with neurocysticercosis detected by neuroimaging studies
    2. Clinical manifestations suggestive of neurocysticercosis
    3. Demonstration of antibodies to cysticerci or cysticercal antigen in cerebrospinal fluid by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
    4. Evidence of cysticercosis outside the central nervous system (e.g., cigar-shaped soft-tissue calcifications)
  4. Epidemiologic criteria
    1. Residence in a cysticercosis-endemic area
    2. Frequent travel to a cysticercosis-endemic area
    3. Household contact with an individual infected with Taenia solium

aDiagnosis is confirmed by either one absolute criterion or a combination of two major criteria, one minor criterion, and one epidemiologic criterion. A probable diagnosis is supported by the fulfillment of (1) one major criterion plus two minor criteria; (2) one major criterion plus one minor criterion and one epidemiologic criterion; or (3) three minor criteria plus one epidemiologic criterion.

Source: Modified from OH Del Brutto et al: Neurology 57:177, 2001.