Differential Diagnoses of Pleural Effusions
Transudative Pleural Effusions |
- Congestive heart failure
- Cirrhosis
- Pulmonary embolism (Note: Effusion usually is exudative)
- Nephrotic syndrome
- Peritoneal dialysis
- Superior vena cava obstruction
- Myxedema
- Urinothorax
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Exudative Pleural Effusions |
- Neoplastic diseases
- Metastatic disease
- Mesothelioma
- Infectious diseases
- Bacterial infections
- Tuberculosis
- Fungal infections
- Viral infections
- Parasitic infections
- Pulmonary embolism
- Gastrointestinal disease
- Esophageal perforation
- Pancreatic disease
- Intraabdominal abscess
- Diaphragmatic hernia
- After abdominal surgery
- Endoscopic variceal sclerotherapy
- After liver transplant
- Collagen-vascular diseases
- Rheumatoid pleuritis
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Drug-induced lupus
- Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy
- Sjögren's syndrome
- Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's)
- Churg-Strauss syndrome
- Post-coronary artery bypass surgery
- Asbestos exposure
- Sarcoidosis
- Uremia
- Meigs' syndrome
- Yellow nail syndrome
- Drug-induced pleural disease
- Nitrofurantoin
- Dantrolene
- Methysergide
- Bromocriptine
- Procarbazine
- Amiodarone
- Dasatinib
- Trapped lung
- Radiation therapy
- Post-cardiac injury syndrome
- Hemothorax
- Iatrogenic injury
- Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
- Pericardial disease
- Chylothorax
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