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Table 44-1

Diseases Associated with Lymphadenopathy

  1. Infectious diseases
    1. Viral—infectious mononucleosis syndromes (EBV, CMV), infectious hepatitis, herpes simplex, herpesvirus 6, varicella-zoster virus, rubella, measles, adenovirus, HIV, epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, vaccinia, herpesvirus 8
    2. Bacterial—streptococci, staphylococci, cat-scratch disease, brucellosis, tularemia, plague, chancroid, melioidosis, glanders, tuberculosis, atypical mycobacterial infection, primary and secondary syphilis, diphtheria, leprosy
    3. Fungal—histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis
    4. Chlamydial—lymphogranuloma venereum, trachoma
    5. Parasitic—toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, filariasis
    6. Rickettsial—scrub typhus, rickettsialpox, Q fever
  2. Immunologic diseases
    1. Rheumatoid arthritis
    2. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
    3. Mixed connective tissue disease
    4. Systemic lupus erythematosus
    5. Dermatomyositis
    6. Sjögren's syndrome
    7. Serum sickness
    8. Drug hypersensitivity—diphenylhydantoin, hydralazine, allopurinol, primidone, gold, carbamazepine, etc.
    9. Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy
    10. Primary biliary cirrhosis
    11. Graft-versus-host disease
    12. Silicone-associated
    13. Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
  3. Malignant diseases
    1. Hematologic—Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, acute or chronic lymphocytic leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasms, amyloidosis
    2. Metastatic—from numerous primary sites
  4. Lipid storage diseases—Gaucher's, Niemann-Pick, Fabry, Tangier
  5. Endocrine diseases—hyperthyroidism
  6. Other disorders
    1. Unicentric and multicentric Castleman's disease (giant lymph node hyperplasia)
    2. Sarcoidosis
    3. Dermatopathic lymphadenitis
    4. Lymphomatoid granulomatosis
    5. Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchi's disease)
    6. Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease)
    7. Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki's disease)
    8. Familial Mediterranean fever
    9. Severe hypertriglyceridemia
    10. Vascular transformation of sinuses
    11. Inflammatory pseudotumor of lymph node
    12. Congestive heart failure