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Table 156-1

Classification of Urticaria and/or Angioedema

  1. IgE-dependent
    1. Specific antigen sensitivity (pollens, foods, drugs, fungi, molds, Hymenoptera venom, helminths)
    2. Physical: dermographism, cold, solar, pressure, cholinergic
    3. Autoimmune
  2. Bradykinin-mediated
    1. Hereditary angioedema: C1 inhibitor deficiency: null (type 1) and dysfunctional (type 2), mutated factor XII (type 3)
    2. Acquired angioedema: C1 inhibitor deficiency: anti-idiotype and anti-C1 inhibitor
    3. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
  3. Complement-mediated
    1. Necrotizing vasculitis
    2. Serum sickness
    3. Reactions to blood products
  4. Nonimmunologic
    1. Direct mast cell-releasing agents (opiates, antibiotics, curare, D-tubocurarine, radiocontrast media)
    2. Agents that alter arachidonic acid metabolism (aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, azo dyes, and benzoates)
  5. Idiopathic