Hypovolemic shock - Hemorrhage
- Intravascular volume depletion (e.g., vomiting, diarrhea, ketoacidosis)
- Internal sequestration (ascites, pancreatitis, intestinal obstruction)
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Cardiogenic shock - Myopathic (acute MI, fulminant myocarditis)
- Mechanical (e.g., acute mitral regurgitation, ventricular septal defect, severe aortic stenosis, aortic dissection with aortic insufficiency)
- Arrhythmic
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Extracardiac obstructive shock - Pericardial tamponade
- Massive pulmonary embolism
- Tension pneumothorax
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Distributive shock (profound decrease in systemic vascular tone) - Sepsis
- Toxic overdoses
- Anaphylaxis
- Neurogenic (e.g., spinal cord injury)
- Endocrinologic (Addison's disease, myxedema)
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