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Table 191-4

Viruses Causing Acute Meningitis and Encephalitis in North America

Acute Meningitis
CommonLess Common

Enteroviruses (coxsackieviruses, echoviruses, and human enteroviruses 68-71)

Varicella-zoster virus

Herpes simplex virus 2

Epstein-Barr virus

Arthropod-borne viruses

HIV

Herpes simplex virus 1

Human herpesvirus 6

Cytomegalovirus

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus

Mumps

Acute Encephalitis
CommonLess Common

Herpesviruses

Cytomegalovirusa

Herpes simplex virus 1b

Herpes simplex virus 2

Human herpesvirus 6

Varicella-zoster virus

Epstein-Barr virus

Arthropod-borne viruses

La Crosse virus

West Nile virusc

St. Louis encephalitis virus

Enteroviruses

Rabies

Eastern equine encephalitis virus

Powassan virus

Cytomegalovirusa

Colorado tick fever virus

Mumps

aImmunocompromised host.

bThe most common cause of sporadic encephalitis.

cThe most common cause of epidemic encephalitis.