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Table 188-1

Treatable Spinal Cord Disorders

Compressive
Epidural, intradural, or intramedullary neoplasm
Epidural abscess
Epidural hemorrhage
Cervical spondylosis
Herniated disk
Posttraumatic compression by fractured or displaced vertebra or hemorrhage
Vascular
Arteriovenous malformation and dural fistula
Antiphospholipid syndrome and other hypercoagulable states
Inflammatory
Multiple sclerosis
Neuromyelitis optica
Transverse myelitis
Sarcoidosis
Sjögren-related myelopathy
Systemic lupus erythematosus-related myelopathy
Vasculitis
Infectious
Viral: VZV, HSV-1 and 2, CMV, HIV, HTLV-1, others
Bacterial and mycobacterial: Borrelia, Listeria, syphilis, others
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Parasitic: schistosomiasis, toxoplasmosis
Developmental
Syringomyelia
Meningomyelocele
Tethered cord syndrome
Metabolic
Vitamin B12 deficiency (subacute combined degeneration)
Copper deficiency

Abbreviation: HTLV, human T-cell lymphotropic virus.