Oral Drugs Commonly Used in Treatment of Hypertension
Drug Class | Examples | Usual Total Daily Dose (Dosing Frequency/Day) | Potential Adverse Effects |
---|---|---|---|
Diuretics | |||
Thiazides | Hydrochlorothiazide | 6.25-50 mg (1-2) | Hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, ↑ cholesterol, ↑ triglycerides |
Thiazide-like | Chlorthalidone | 25-50 mg (1) | same as above |
Loop diuretics | Furosemide | 40-80 mg (2-3) | Hypokalemia, hyperuricemia |
Ethacrynic acid | 50-100 mg (2-3) | ||
Aldosterone antagonists | Spironolactone | 25-100 mg (1-2) | Hyperkalemia, gynecomastia |
Eplerenone | 50-100 mg (1-2) | Hyperkalemia | |
K+-retaining | Amiloride | 5-10 mg (1-2) | |
Triamterene | 50-100 mg (1-2) | ||
Beta blockers | |||
β1-selective | Atenolol | 25-100 mg (1-2) | Bronchospasm, bradycardia, heart block, fatigue, sexual dysfunction, ↑ triglycerides, ↓ HDL |
Metoprolol | 25-100 mg (1-2) | same as above | |
Nonselective | Propranolol | 40-160 mg (2) | same as above |
Propranolol LA | 60-180 mg (1) | same as above | |
Combined alpha/beta | Labetolol | 200-800 mg (2) | Bronchospasm, bradycardia, heart block |
Carvedilol | 12.5-50 mg (2) | ||
ACE inhibitors | Captopril | 25-200 mg (2) | Cough, hyperkalemia, azotemia, angioedema |
Lisinopril | 10-40 mg (1) | ||
Ramipril | 2.5-20 mg (1-2) | ||
Angiotensin II receptor blockers | Losartan | 25-100 mg (1-2) | Hyperkalemia, azotemia |
Valsartan | 80-320 mg (1) | ||
Candesartan | 2-32 mg (1-2) | ||
Calcium channel antagonists | |||
Dihydropyridines | Nifedipine long-acting | 30-60 mg (1) | Edema, constipation |
Nondihydropyridines | Verapamil long-acting | 120-360 mg (1-2) | Edema, constipation, bradycardia, heart block |
Diltiazem long-acting | 180-420 mg (1) |