Causes of Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
- Infectious diseases
- Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritisa
- Infective endocarditis
- Occult visceral sepsis
- Hepatitis B infection (with vasculitis and/or cryoglobulinemia)
- HIV infection
- Hepatitis C infection (with cryoglobulinemia, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis)
- Multisystem diseases
- Systemic lupus erythematosus
- Henoch-Schönlein purpura
- Systemic necrotizing vasculitis (including granulomatosis with polyangiitis [Wegener's])
- Goodpasture's syndrome
- Essential mixed (IgG/IgM) cryoglobulinemia
- Malignancy
- Relapsing polychondritis
- Rheumatoid arthritis (with vasculitis)
- Drugs
- Penicillamine
- Hydralazine
- Allopurinol (with vasculitis)
- Rifampin
- Cocaine adulterated with levamisole (ANCA-associated)
- Idiopathic or primary glomerular disease
- Idiopathic crescentic glomerulonephritis
- Type Iwith linear deposits of Ig (anti-GBM antibody-mediated)
- Type IIwith granular deposits of Ig (immune complex-mediated)
- Type IIIwith few or no immune deposits of Ig (pauci-immune)
- Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-induced, forme fruste of vasculitis
- Immunotactoid glomerulonephritis
- Fibrillary glomerulonephritis
- Superimposed on another primary glomerular disease
- Mesangiocapillary (membranoproliferative) glomerulonephritis (especially type II)
- Membranous glomerulonephritis
- Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy)
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aMost common cause.
Abbreviation: GBM, glomerular basement membrane.
Source: RJ Glassock, BM Brenner: HPIM-13.