Recommendations on Chronic Use of Antithrombotics for Various Cardiac Conditions
Condition | Recommendation |
---|---|
Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation | Calculate CHADS2a score |
CHADS2 score 0 | Aspirin or no antithrombotic |
CHADS2 score 1 | Aspirin or OAC |
CHADS2 score >1 | OAC |
Rheumatic mitral valve disease | |
With atrial fibrillation, previous embolization, or atrial appendage thrombus, or left atrial diameter >55 mm | OAC |
Embolization or appendage clot despite OAC | OAC plus aspirin |
Mitral valve prolapse | |
Asymptomatic | No therapy |
With otherwise cryptogenic stroke or TIA | Aspirin |
Atrial fibrillation | OAC |
Mitral annular calcification | |
Without atrial fibrillation but systemic embolization, or otherwise cryptogenic stroke or TIA | Aspirin |
Recurrent embolization despite aspirin | OAC |
With atrial fibrillation | OAC |
Aortic valve calcification | |
Asymptomatic | No therapy |
Otherwise cryptogenic stroke or TIA | Aspirin |
Aortic arch mobile atheroma | |
Otherwise cryptogenic stroke or TIA | Aspirin or OAC |
Patent foramen ovale | |
Otherwise cryptogenic ischemic stroke or TIA | Aspirin |
Indication for OAC (deep venous thrombosis or hypercoagulable state) | OAC |
Mechanical heart value | |
Aortic position, bileaflet or Medtronic Hall tilting disk with normal left atrial size and sinus rhythm | VKA INR 2.5, range 2-3 |
Mitral position tilting disk or bileaflet valve | VKA INR 3.0, range 2.5-3.5 |
Mitral or aortic position, anterior-apical myocardial infarct, or left atrial enlargement | VKA INR 3.0, range 2.5-3.5 |
Mitral or aortic position, with atrial fibrillation, or hypercoagulable state, or low ejection fraction, or atherosclerotic vascular disease | Aspirin plus VKA INR 3.0, range 2.5-3.5 |
Systemic embolization despite target INR | Add aspirin and/or increase INR: prior target was 2.5 increase to 3.0, range 2.5-3.5; prior target was 3.0 increase to 3.5, range 3-4 |
Bioprosthetic valve | |
No other indication for VKA therapy | Aspirin |
Infective endocarditis | Avoid antithrombotic agents |
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis | |
With systemic embolization | Full-dose unfractionated heparin or SC LMWH |
aCHADS2 score calculated as follows: 1 point for age >75 years, 1 point for hypertension, 1 point for congestive heart failure, 1 point for diabetes, and 2 points for stroke or TIA; sum of points is the total CHADS2 score.
Note: Dose of aspirin is 50-325 mg/d; target INR for OAC is between 2 and 3 unless otherwise specified.
Abbreviations: INR, international normalized ratio; LMWH, low-molecular-weight heparin; OAC, oral anticoagulant (VKA, thrombin inhibitor, oral factor Xa inhibitors); TIA, transient ischemic attack; VKA, vitamin K antagonist.
Sources: Modified from DE Singer et al: Chest 133:546S, 2008; DN Salem et al: Chest 133:593S, 2008.