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Table 42-1

Causes of Isolated Hyperbilirubinemia

  1. Indirect hyperbilirubinemia
    1. Hemolytic disorders
      1. Inherited
        1. Spherocytosis, elliptocytosis, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase deficiencies
        2. Sickle cell anemia
      2. Acquired
        1. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemias
        2. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
        3. Spur cell anemia
        4. Immune hemolysis
        5. Parasitic infections
          1. Malaria
          2. Babesiosis
    2. Ineffective erythropoiesis
      1. Cobalamin, folate, and severe iron deficiencies
      2. Thalassemia
    3. Increased bilirubin production
      1. Massive blood transfusion
      2. Resorption of hematoma
    4. Drugs
      1. Rifampin
      2. Probenecid
      3. Ribavirin
    5. Inherited conditions
      1. Crigler-Najjar types I and II
      2. Gilbert's syndrome
  2. Direct hyperbilirubinemia
    1. Inherited conditions
      1. Dubin-Johnson syndrome
      2. Rotor syndrome