Common Sources of Infections after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
| Period after Transplantation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Infection Site | Early (<1 Month) | Middle (1-4 Months) | Late (>6 Months) |
| Disseminated | Aerobic bacteria (gram-negative, gram-positive) | Candida, Aspergillus, EBV | Encapsulated bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis) |
| Skin and mucous membranes | HSV | HHV-6 | VZV, HPV (warts) |
| Lungs | Aerobic bacteria (gram-negative, gram-positive), Candida, Aspergillus, other molds, HSV | CMV, seasonal respiratory viruses, Pneumocystis, Toxoplasma | Pneumocystis, Nocardia, S. pneumoniae |
| Gastrointestinal tract | Clostridium difficile | CMV, adenovirus, Bradyrhizobium enterica (cord blood cells) | EBV, CMV, B. enterica (cord blood cells) |
| Kidney | BK virus, adenovirus | ||
| Brain | HHV-6, Toxoplasma | Toxoplasma, JC virus (rare) | |
| Bone marrow | CMV, HHV-6 | CMV, HHV-6 | |
Abbreviations: HHV-6, human herpesvirus type 6; HPV, human papillomavirus.