Principal Causes of Tubulointerstitial Disease of the Kidney
Toxins | |
Exogenous toxins | Metabolic toxins |
Analgesic nephropathya | Acute uric acid nephropathy |
Lead nephropathy | Gouty nephropathya |
Chinese herb nephropathy | Hypercalcemic nephropathy |
Balkan endemic nephropathy | Hypokalemic nephropathy |
Miscellaneous nephrotoxins (e.g., antibiotics, cyclosporine, radiographic contrast media, heavy metals)a,b | Miscellaneous metabolic toxins (e.g., hyperoxaluria, cystinosis, Fabry's disease) |
Neoplasia | |
Lymphoma | |
Leukemia | |
Multiple myeloma (cast nephropathy, AL amyloidosis) | |
Immune disorders | |
Acute (allergic) interstitial nephritisa,b | Transplant rejection |
Sjögren's syndrome | HIV-associated nephropathy |
Amyloidosis | |
Vascular disorders | |
Arteriolar nephrosclerosisa | Sickle cell nephropathy |
Atheroembolic disease | Acute tubular necrosisa,b |
Hereditary renal diseases | |
Disorders associated with renal failure | Hereditary tubular disorders |
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease | Bartter's syndrome (hereditary hypokalemic alkalosis) |
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease | Gitelman's syndrome (hereditary hypokalemic alkalosis) |
Medullary cystic kidney disease Hereditary nephritis (Alport's syndrome) | Pseudohypoaldosteronism type I (hypotension/salt wasting and hyperkalemia) |
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (hereditary hypertension and hyperkalemia) | |
Liddle's syndrome (hypertension and hypokalemia) | |
Hereditary hypomagnesemia | |
Hereditary renal diseases | |
Hereditary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus X-linked (AVP receptor dysfunction) | |
Autosomal (aquaporin-2 dysfunction) | |
Infectious injury | |
Acute pyelonephritisa,b | |
Chronic pyelonephritis | |
Miscellaneous disorders | |
Chronic urinary tract obstructiona | |
Vesicoureteral refluxa | |
Radiation nephritis |
aCommon.
bTypically acute.