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Table 8-1

Risks of Transfusion Complications

Frequency, Episodes: Unit
Reactions
Febrile (FNHTR)1-4:100
Allergic1-4:100
Delayed hemolytic1:1000
TRALI1:5000
Acute hemolytic1:12,000
Fatal hemolytic1:100,000
Anaphylactic1:150,000
Infectionsa
Hepatitis B1:220,000
Hepatitis C1:1,800,000
HIV-1, HIV-21:2,300,000
HTLV-I, HTLV-II1:2,993,000
Malaria1:4,000,000
Other complications
RBC allosensitization1:100
HLA allosensitization1:10
Graft-versus-host diseaseRare

aInfectious agents rarely associated with transfusion, theoretically possible, or of unknown risk include West Nile virus, hepatitis A virus, parvovirus B-19, Babesia microti (babesiosis), Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (human granulocytic ehrlichiosis), Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas' disease), Treponema pallidum, and human herpesvirus 8.

Abbreviations: FNHTR, febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction; HLA, human leukocyte antigen; HTLV, human T lymphotropic virus; TRALI, transfusion-related acute lung injury.