Major Causes of Hematuria
Lower Urinary Tract |
Bacterial cystitis |
Interstitial cystitis |
Urethritis (infectious or inflammatory) |
Passed or passing kidney stone |
Transitional cell carcinoma of bladder or structures proximal to it |
Squamous cell carcinoma of bladder (e.g., following schistosomiasis) |
Upper Urinary Tract |
Renal cell carcinoma |
Age-related renal cysts |
Other neoplasms (e.g., oncocytoma, hamartoma) |
Acquired renal cystic disease |
Congenital cystic disease, including autosomal dominant form |
Glomerular diseases |
Interstitial renal diseases, including interstitial nephritis |
Nephrolithiasis |
Pyelonephritis |
Renal infarction |
Hypercalciuria |
Hyperuricosuria |