Causes of Acute Interstitial Nephritis
| Drugs (70%, antibiotics in one-third) |
| Antibiotics |
| Methicillin, nafcillin, oxacillin |
| Rifampin |
| Penicillins, cephalosporins |
| Ciprofloxacin |
| Sulfamethoxazole and other sulfonamides |
| Proton pump inhibitors, e.g., omeprazole |
| H2 blockers, e.g., cimetidine |
| Allopurinol |
| 5-Aminosalicylates |
| NSAIDs, including COX-2 inhibitors |
| Infections (16%) |
| Leptospirosis, Legionella, streptococcal, tuberculosis |
| Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome (TINU) (5%) |
| Idiopathic (8%) |
| Sarcoidosis (1%) |
| IgG4-related systemic disease |
Abbreviation: COX-2, cyclooxygenase 2.