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Table 143-3

Causes of Acute Interstitial Nephritis

Drugs (70%, antibiotics in one-third)
Antibiotics
Methicillin, nafcillin, oxacillin
Rifampin
Penicillins, cephalosporins
Ciprofloxacin
Sulfamethoxazole and other sulfonamides
Proton pump inhibitors, e.g., omeprazole
H2 blockers, e.g., cimetidine
Allopurinol
5-Aminosalicylates
NSAIDs, including COX-2 inhibitors
Infections (16%)
Leptospirosis, Legionella, streptococcal, tuberculosis
Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome (TINU) (5%)
Idiopathic (8%)
Sarcoidosis (1%)
IgG4-related systemic disease

Abbreviation: COX-2, cyclooxygenase 2.