Causes of Acute Interstitial Nephritis
Drugs (70%, antibiotics in one-third) |
Antibiotics |
Methicillin, nafcillin, oxacillin |
Rifampin |
Penicillins, cephalosporins |
Ciprofloxacin |
Sulfamethoxazole and other sulfonamides |
Proton pump inhibitors, e.g., omeprazole |
H2 blockers, e.g., cimetidine |
Allopurinol |
5-Aminosalicylates |
NSAIDs, including COX-2 inhibitors |
Infections (16%) |
Leptospirosis, Legionella, streptococcal, tuberculosis |
Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome (TINU) (5%) |
Idiopathic (8%) |
Sarcoidosis (1%) |
IgG4-related systemic disease |
Abbreviation: COX-2, cyclooxygenase 2.