Drugs and Other Substances that Can Cause Seizures
| Alkylating agents (e.g., busulfan, chlorambucil) |
| Antimalarials (chloroquine, mefloquine) |
| Antimicrobials/antivirals |
| β-lactam and related compounds |
| Quinolones |
| Acyclovir |
| Isoniazid |
| Ganciclovir |
| Anesthetics and analgesics |
| Meperidine |
| Fentanyl |
| Tramadol |
| Local anesthetics |
| Dietary supplements |
| Ephedra (ma huang) |
| Gingko |
| Immunomodulatory drugs |
| Cyclosporine |
| OKT3 (monoclonal antibodies to T cells) |
| Tacrolimus |
| Interferons |
| Psychotropics |
| Antidepressants (e.g., bupropion) |
| Antipsychotics (e.g., clozapine) |
| Lithium |
| Radiographic contrast agents |
| Drug withdrawal |
| Alcohol |
| Baclofen |
| Barbiturates (short-acting) |
| Benzodiazepines (short-acting) |
| Zolpidem |
| Drugs of abuse |
| Amphetamine |
| Cocaine |
| Phencyclidine |
| Methylphenidate |
| Flumazenila |
aIn benzodiazepine-dependent patients.