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Table 46-1

Diseases Associated with Lymphadenopathy

  1. Infectious diseases
    • Viral-infectious mononucleosis syndromes (EBV, CMV), infectious hepatitis, herpes simplex, herpesvirus 6, varicella-zoster virus, rubella, measles, adenovirus, HIV, epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, vaccinia, herpesvirus 8
    • Bacterial-streptococci, staphylococci, cat-scratch disease, brucellosis, tularemia, plague, chancroid, melioidosis, glanders, tuberculosis, atypical mycobacterial infection, primary and secondary syphilis, diphtheria, leprosy
    • Fungal-histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, paracoccidioidomycosis
    • Chlamydial-lymphogranuloma venereum, trachoma
    • Parasitic-toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, filariasis
    • Rickettsial-scrub typhus, rickettsialpox, Q fever
  2. Immunologic diseases
    • Rheumatoid arthritis
    • Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
    • Mixed connective tissue disease
    • Systemic lupus erythematosus
    • Dermatomyositis
    • Sjögren's syndrome
    • Serum sickness
    • Drug hypersensitivity-diphenylhydantoin, hydralazine, allopurinol, primidone, gold, carbamazepine, etc.
    • Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy
    • Primary biliary cirrhosis
    • Graft-versus-host disease
    • Silicone-associated
    • Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome
    • IgG4-related disease
    • Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS)
  3. Malignant diseases
    • Hematologic-Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, acute or chronic lymphocytic leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, histiocytic and dendritic cell neoplasms, amyloidosis
    • Metastatic-from numerous primary sites
  4. Lipid storage diseases-Gaucher's, Niemann-Pick, Fabry, Tangier
  5. Endocrine diseases-hyperthyroidism
  6. Other disorders
    • Castleman's disease (giant lymph node hyperplasia)
    • Sarcoidosis
    • Dermatopathic lymphadenitis
    • Lymphomatoid granulomatosis
    • Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchi's disease)
    • Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease)
    • Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki's disease)
    • Familial Mediterranean fever
    • Severe hypertriglyceridemia
    • Vascular transformation of sinuses
    • Inflammatory pseudotumor of lymph node
    • Congestive heart failure