Properties of Insulin Preparationsa | |||
| PREPARATION | TIME OF ACTION | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| ONSET, h | PEAK, h | EFFECTIVE DURATION, h | |
| Short-Actingb | |||
| Aspart | <0.25 | 0.5-1.5 | 2-4 |
| Glulisine | <0.25 | 0.5-1.5 | 2-4 |
| Lisprof | <0.25 | 0.5-1.5 | 2-4 |
| Regularg | 0.5-1.0 | 2-3 | 3-6 |
| Inhaled human insulin | 0.5-1.0 | 2-3 | 3 |
| Long-Actingg | |||
| Degludec | 1-9 | -c | 42d |
| Detemir | 1-4 | -c | 12-24d |
| Glarginef | 2-4 | -c | 20-24 |
| NPH | 2-4 | 4-10 | 10-16 |
| Examples of Insulin Combinationse | |||
| 75/25-75% protamine lispro, 25% lispro | <0.25 | Dualf | 10-16 |
| 70/30-70% protamine aspart, 30% aspart | <0.25 | Dualf | 15-18 |
| 50/50-50% protamine lispro, 50% lispro | <0.25 | Dualf | 10-16 |
| 70/30-70% NPH, 30% regular | 0.5-1 | Dualf | 10-16 |
| Combination of long-acting insulin and GLP-1 receptor agonist | See text | ||
a Injectable insulin preparations (with exception of inhaled formulation) available in the United States; others are available in the United Kingdom and Europe.
b Formulation with niacinamide has a slightly more rapid onset and offset.
c Degludec, determir, and glargine have minimal peak activity.
e Other insulin combinations are available.
f Dual: two peaks-one at 2-3 h and the second one several hours later.