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Table 145-1

Causes of Acute Glomerulonephritis

  • Infectious diseases
    • Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritisa
    • Nonstreptococcal postinfectious glomerulonephritis
      1. Bacterial: infective endocarditis, “shunt nephritis,” sepsis, pneumococcal pneumonia, typhoid fever, secondary syphilis, meningococcemia
      2. Viral: hepatitis B, infectious mononucleosis, mumps, measles, varicella, vaccinia, echovirus, and coxsackievirus
      3. Parasitic: malaria, toxoplasmosis
      4. IgA dominant postinfectious glomerulonephritis-usually poststaphylococcal
  • Multisystem diseases: SLE, vasculitis, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, Goodpasture's syndrome
  • Primary glomerular diseases: mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis, Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy), “pure” mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis
  • Miscellaneous: Guillain-Barré syndrome, irradiation of Wilms' tumor, self-administered diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine, serum sickness

a Most common cause.

Source: Glassock RJ, Brenner BM: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 13th ed, 1995.