Oral Drugs Commonly Used in Treatment of Hypertension | |||
| DRUG CLASS | EXAMPLES | USUAL TOTAL DAILY DOSE (DOSING FREQUENCY/DAY) | POTENTIAL ADVERSE EFFECTS |
|---|---|---|---|
| Diuretics | |||
| Thiazides | Hydrochlorothiazide | 6.25-50 mg (1-2) | Hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, gout, hyperglycemia, ↑ cholesterol, ↑ triglycerides |
| Thiazide-like | Chlorthalidone | 25-50 mg (1) | same as above |
| Loop diuretics | Furosemide | 40-80 mg (2-3) | Hypokalemia, hyperuricemia |
| Ethacrynic acid | 50-100 mg (2-3) | ||
| Aldosterone antagonists | Spironolactone | 25-100 mg (1-2) | Hyperkalemia, gynecomastia |
| Eplerenone | 50-100 mg (1-2) | Hyperkalemia | |
| K+ -retaining | Amiloride | 5-10 mg (1-2) | |
| Triamterene | 50-100 mg (1-2) | ||
| Beta blockers | |||
| β1-selective | Atenolol | 25-100 mg (1-2) | Bronchospasm, bradycardia, heart block, fatigue, sexual dysfunction |
| Metoprolol | 25-100 mg (1-2) | same as above | |
| Nonselective | Propranolol | 40-160 mg (2) | same as above |
| Propranolol LA | 60-180 mg (1) | same as above | |
| Combined alpha/beta | Labetolol | 200-800 mg (2) | Bronchospasm, bradycardia, heart block |
| Carvedilol | 12.5-50 mg (2) | ||
| ACE inhibitors | Captopril | 25-200 mg (2) | Cough, hyperkalemia, azotemia, angioedema |
| Lisinopril | 10-40 mg (1) | ||
| Ramipril | 2.5-20 mg (1-2) | ||
| Angiotensin II receptor blockers | Losartan | 25-100 mg (1-2) | Hyperkalemia, azotemia |
| Valsartan | 80-320 mg (1) | ||
| Candesartan | 2-32 mg (1-2) | ||
| Calcium channel antagonists | |||
| Dihydropyridines | Nifedipine long-acting | 30-60 mg (1) | Edema, constipation |
| Nondihydropyridines | Verapamil long-acting | 120-360 mg (1-2) | Edema, constipation, bradycardia, heart block |
| Diltiazem long-acting | 180-420 mg (1) | ||