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Table 191-1

Treatable Spinal Cord Disorders

Compressive
 Epidural, intradural, or intramedullary neoplasm
 Epidural abscess
 Epidural hemorrhage
 Cervical spondylosis
 Herniated disk
 Posttraumatic compression by fractured or displaced vertebra or hemorrhage
Vascular
 Arteriovenous malformation and dural fistula
 Antiphospholipid syndrome and other hypercoagulable states
Inflammatory
 Multiple sclerosis
 Neuromyelitis optica
 Transverse myelitis
 Sarcoidosis
 Sjögren-related myelopathy
 Systemic lupus erythematosus-related myelopathy
 Vasculitis
Infectious
 Viral: VZV, HSV-1 and 2, CMV, HIV, HTLV-1, others
 Bacterial and mycobacterial: Borrelia, Listeria, syphilis, others
 Mycoplasma pneumoniae
 Parasitic: schistosomiasis, toxoplasmosis, cystercercosis
Developmental
 Syringomyelia
 Meningomyelocele
 Tethered cord syndrome
Metabolic
 Vitamin B12 deficiency (subacute combined degeneration)
 Copper deficiency

Abbreviations: CMV, cytomegalovirus; HSV, herpes simplex virus; HTLV, human T cell lymphotropic virus; VZV, varicella-zoster virus.