Causes of Acute Pancreatitis | |||
| Common Causes | |||
| Gallstones (including microlithiasis) | |||
| Alcohol (acute and chronic alcoholism) | |||
| Hypertriglyceridemia | |||
| Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), especially after biliary manometry | |||
| Drugs (azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, sulfonamides, estrogens, tetracycline, valproic acid, anti-HIV medications, 5-aminosalicylic acid [5-ASA]) | |||
| Trauma (especially blunt abdominal trauma) | |||
| Postoperative (abdominal and nonabdominal operations) | |||
| Uncommon Causes | |||
| Vascular causes and vasculitis (ischemic-hypoperfusion states after cardiac surgery) | |||
| Connective tissue disorders and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) | |||
| Cancer of the pancreas | |||
| Hypercalcemia | |||
| Periampullary diverticulum | |||
| Pancreas divisum | |||
| Hereditary pancreatitis | |||
| Cystic fibrosis | |||
| Renal failure | |||
| Infections (mumps, coxsackievirus, cytomegalovirus, echovirus, parasites) | |||
| Autoimmune (e.g., type 1 and type 2) | |||
| Causes to Consider in Pts with Recurrent Bouts of Acute Pancreatitis without an Obvious Etiology | |||
| Occult disease of the biliary tree or pancreatic ducts, especially microlithiasis, biliary sludge | |||
| Drugs | |||
| Alcohol abuse | |||
| Metabolic: Hypertriglyceridemia, hypercalcemia | |||
| Anatomic: Pancreas divisum | |||
| Pancreatic cancer | |||
| Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) | |||
| Hereditary pancreatitis | |||
| Cystic fibrosis | |||
| Autoimmune | |||
| Idiopathic |