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Table 1-1

Osmoregulation versus Volume Regulation

OSMOREGULATIONVOLUME REGULATION
What is sensedPlasma osmolalityArterial filling
SensorsHypothalamic osmoreceptors

Carotid sinus

Afferent arteriole

Atria

EffectorsAVPSympathetic nervous system
ThirstRenin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
ANP/BNP
AVP
What is affectedUrine osmolalityUrinary sodium excretion
H2O intakeVascular tone

Note: See text for details.

Abbreviations: ANP, atrial natriuretic peptide; AVP, arginine vasopressin; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide.

Source: Adapted from Rose BD, Black RM (eds): Manual of Clinical Problems in Nephrology. Boston, Little Brown, 1988.