Chronic Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency: TIGAR-O Classification System | |||
| Toxic-Metabolic | |||
| Alcoholic | |||
| Tobacco smoking | |||
| Hypercalcemia | |||
| Hyperlipidemia | |||
| Chronic renal failure | |||
| Medications-phenacetin abuse | |||
| Toxins-organotin compounds (e.g., dibutylin dichloride, DBTC) | |||
| Idiopathic | |||
| Early onset | |||
| Late onset | |||
| Tropical | |||
| Genetic | |||
| Cationic trypsinogen (PRSS1) | |||
| Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR) | |||
| Calcium-sensing receptor (CASR) | |||
| Chymotrypsin C gene (CTRC) | |||
| Pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor gene (SPINK1) | |||
| Autoimmune | |||
| Type 1 autoimmune chronic pancreatitis | |||
| IgG4 systemic | |||
| Type 2 autoimmune chronic pancreatitis | |||
| Recurrent and Severe Acute Pancreatitis | |||
| Postnecrotic (severe acute pancreatitis) | |||
| Recurrent acute pancreatitis | |||
| Vascular diseases/ischemia | |||
| Radiation induced | |||
| Obstructive | |||
| Pancreas divisum | |||
| Duct obstruction (e.g., tumor) | |||
| Preampullary duodenal wall cysts | |||
| Posttraumatic pancreatic duct scars |