Major Causes of Hematuria | |||
Lower Urinary Tract | |||
Bacterial cystitis | |||
Interstitial cystitis | |||
Urethritis (infectious or inflammatory) | |||
Passed or passing kidney stone | |||
Transitional cell carcinoma of bladder or structures proximal to it | |||
Squamous cell carcinoma of bladder (e.g., following schistosomiasis) | |||
Upper Urinary Tract | |||
Renal cell carcinoma | |||
Age-related renal cysts | |||
Other neoplasms (e.g., oncocytoma, hamartoma) | |||
Acquired renal cystic disease | |||
Congenital cystic disease, including autosomal dominant form | |||
Glomerular diseases | |||
Interstitial renal diseases, including interstitial nephritis | |||
Nephrolithiasis | |||
Pyelonephritis | |||
Renal infarction | |||
Hypercalciuria | |||
Hyperuricosuria |