Principal Causes of Tubulointerstitial Disease of the Kidney | |
| Toxins | |
|---|---|
| Exogenous toxins | Metabolic toxins |
| Analgesic nephropathya | Acute uric acid nephropathy |
| Lead nephropathy | Gouty nephropathya |
| Chinese herb nephropathy | Hypercalcemic nephropathy |
| Balkan endemic nephropathy | Hypokalemic nephropathy |
| Miscellaneous nephrotoxins (e.g., antibiotics, cyclosporine, radiographic contrast media, heavy metals)a,b | Miscellaneous metabolic toxins (e.g., hyperoxaluria, cystinosis, Fabry's disease) |
| Neoplasia | |
| Lymphoma | |
| Leukemia | |
| Multiple myeloma (cast nephropathy, AL amyloidosis) | |
| Immune Disorders | |
| Acute (allergic) interstitial nephritisa,b | Transplant rejection |
| Sjögren's syndrome | HIV-associated nephropathy |
| Amyloidosis | |
| Vascular Disorders | |
| Arteriolar nephrosclerosisa | Sickle cell nephropathy |
| Atheroembolic disease | Acute tubular necrosisa,b |
| Hereditary Renal Diseases | |
| Disorders associated with renal failure | Hereditary tubular disorders |
| Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease | Bartter's syndrome (hereditary hypokalemic alkalosis) |
| Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease | Gitelman's syndrome (hereditary hypokalemic alkalosis) |
Medullary cystic kidney disease Hereditary nephritis (Alport's syndrome) | Pseudohypoaldosteronism type I (hypotension/salt wasting and hyperkalemia) |
| Pseudohypoaldosteronism type II (hereditary hypertension and hyperkalemia) | |
| Liddle's syndrome (hypertension and hypokalemia) | |
| Hereditary hypomagnesemia | |
Hereditary nephrogenic diabetes insipidus | |
X-linked (AVP receptor dysfunction) | |
| Autosomal (aquaporin-2 dysfunction) | |
| Infectious Injury | |
| Acute pyelonephritisa,b | |
| Chronic pyelonephritis | |
| Miscellaneous Disorders | |
| Chronic urinary tract obstructiona | |
| Vesicoureteral refluxa | |
| Radiation nephritis | |