Disorders That Can Mimic Multiple Sclerosis (MS) | |||
| Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome | |||
| Behçet's disease | |||
| Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy, subcortical infarcts, and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) | |||
| Congenital leukodystrophies (e.g., adrenoleukodystrophy, metachromatic leukodystrophy) | |||
| Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection | |||
| Ischemic optic neuropathy (arteritic and nonarteritic) | |||
| Lyme disease | |||
| Mitochondrial encephalopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke (MELAS) | |||
| Neoplasms (e.g., lymphoma, glioma, meningioma) | |||
| Sarcoid | |||
| Sjögren's syndrome | |||
| Stroke and ischemic cerebrovascular disease | |||
| Syphilis | |||
| Systemic lupus erythematosus and related collagen vascular disorders | |||
| Tropical spastic paraparesis (HTLV-1/2 infection) | |||
| Vascular malformations (especially spinal dural AV fistulas) | |||
| Vasculitis (primary CNS or other) | |||
| Vitamin B12 deficiency | |||