Causes of Acute Interstitial Nephritis | |||
| Drugs (70%, antibiotics in one-third) | |||
| Antibiotics | |||
| Methicillin, nafcillin, oxacillin | |||
| Rifampin | |||
| Penicillins, cephalosporins | |||
| Ciprofloxacin | |||
| Sulfamethoxazole and other sulfonamides | |||
| Proton pump inhibitors, e.g., omeprazole | |||
| H2 blockers, e.g., cimetidine | |||
| Allopurinol | |||
| 5-Aminosalicylates | |||
NSAIDs, including COX-2 inhibitors Immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., nivolumab) | |||
| Infections (16%) | |||
| Leptospirosis, Legionella, streptococcal, tuberculosis | |||
| Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome (TINU) (5%) | |||
| Idiopathic (8%) | |||
| Sarcoidosis (1%) | |||
| IgG4-related systemic disease |