APPROACH TO THE PT WITH DYSPHAGIA

Dysphagia

End

Zenker's diverticulum
Neoplasm
Cervical web
Cricopharyngeal bar
Osteophytes
Congenital abnormalities
Post head and neck surgery
Chemotherapy mucositis
Radiation
Corrosive injury
Infection

Oropharyngeal dysphagia

Structural

Propulsive

Myasthenia gravis
Polymyositis
Mixed connective tissue disorders
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy
Paraneoplastic syndrome
Myotonic dystrophy
Sarcoidosis

Cerebral vascular accident
Parkinson's
Amyotropic lateral sclerosis
Brainstem tumor
Guillain-Barré
Huntington's chorea
Post-polio syndrome
Multiple sclerosis
Cerebral palsy

Neurogenic

Myogenic

Propulsive

Esophageal dysphagia

Solid and liquid dysphagia

Solid dysphagia

GERD with weak peristalsis
Achalasia (primary and secondary)
Diffuse esophageal spasm
Scleroderma

Pill esophagitis
Infectious esophagitis
Caustic injury
Chemotherapy mucositis
Sclerotherapy
Crohn's disease
Behcet's syndrome
Bullous pemphygoid
Lichen planus

Structural

Intermittent

Schatzki ring
Esophageal web

Progressive

Neoplasm

Variable

Peptic stricture
Eosinophilic esophagitis
Hiatal hernia
Extrinsic compression
Surgical stenosis
Radiation esophagitis
Ringed esophagus
Congenital esophageal stenosis

Odynophagia

ENT, ear, nose, and throat; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Dysphagia localized to neck, nasal regurgitation, aspiration, associated ENT symptoms