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Table 12-1

Categories of Shock

Distributive shock (profound decrease in systemic vascular tone)

  • Sepsis
  • Pancreatitis
  • Anaphylaxis
  • Neurogenic (e.g., spinal cord injury)
  • Endocrine-related (Addison's disease, myxedema)

Cardiogenic shock

  • Myopathic (acute MI, fulminant myocarditis)
  • Mechanical (acute severe mitral regurgitation, acute severe aortic insufficiency [e.g., aortic dissection], severe aortic stenosis, acute VSD)
  • Arrhythmic

Obstructive shock

  • Pericardial tamponade
  • Massive pulmonary embolism
  • Tension pneumothorax
  • Hypovolemic shock
  • Hemorrhage
  • GI losses (vomiting, diarrhea)
  • Burns
  • Polyuria (diabetic ketoacidosis, diabetes insipidus)

Abbreviation: VSD, ventricular septal defect.