The diagnostic approach to metabolic alkalosis. See text for details. GRA, glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism; HTN, hypertension; JGA, juxtaglomerular apparatus. (Modified from Dubose TD. Disorders of acid-base balance. In: Brenner and Rector's The Kidney, 8th ed, Brenner BM [ed]. Philadelphia, Saunders, 2008 with permission.)