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Table 176-2

Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Family history of diabetes (i.e., parent or sibling with type 2 diabetes)

Overweight or obese (BMI 25 kg/m2 , 23 kg/m2 in Asian Americans, or other ethnically relevant definition for overweight)

Physical inactivity

Race/ethnicity (e.g., African American, Latino, Native American, Asian American, Pacific Islander)

Previously identified with IFG, IGT, or a hemoglobin A1c of 5.7-6.4%

History of GDM

Hypertension (blood pressure 140/90 mmHg)

HDL cholesterol level <35 mg/dL (0.90 mmol/L) and/or a triglyceride level >250 mg/dL (2.82 mmol/L)

Polycystic ovary syndrome or acanthosis nigricans

History of cardiovascular disease

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IFG, impaired fasting glucose; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance.

Source: Adapted from American Diabetes Association: 2. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes. Diabetes Care 40(Suppl 1): S13, 2017.