Spinal Cord and Conus Medullaris Reflexes
| Reflex | Location of Lesion | Stimulus | Normal Response | Abnormal Response |
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| Babinski | Upper motor neuron | Stroking the plantar aspect of foot proximal lateral to distal medial | Toes plantarflex. | Toes extend and splay. | | Oppenheim | Upper motor neuron | Rubbing the tibial crest proximal to distal | Toes plantarflex. | Toes extend and splay. | | Cremasteric | T12–L1 | Stroking the medial thigh proximal to distal | Upward motion of the scrotum | No motion of the scrotum | | Anal wink | S2–S4 | Stroking skin around anus | Anal sphincter contracts. | No anal sphincter contraction | | Bulbocavernosus | S3–S4 | Squeezing the penis in males, applying pressure to clitoris in females, or tugging the bladder catheter in either | Anal sphincter contracts. | No anal sphincter contraction |
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