Ischemic optic neuropathy, optic neuritis, hemi- or branch retinal artery or vein occlusion.
Glaucoma, optic nerve or chiasmal lesion, optic nerve coloboma.
Ischemic optic neuropathy (especially nonarteritic), optic disc drusen, high myopia, optic neuritis.
Glaucoma, bitemporal retinal disease (e.g., retinitis pigmentosa).
Bilateral occipital disease, tumor or aneurysm compressing both optic nerves or chiasm, chiasmatic arachnoiditis, nonphysiologic.
Chiasmal lesion (e.g., pituitary adenoma, meningioma, craniopharyngioma, aneurysm, glioma).
Papilledema, glaucoma, optic nerve drusen, optic nerve coloboma, myelinated nerve fibers off the disc, drugs, disc with myopic crescent, multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS), acute idiopathic blind spot enlargement syndrome (may be on same spectrum as MEWDS).
Macular disease, optic neuritis, ischemic optic neuropathy (more typically produces an altitudinal field defect), optic atrophy (e.g., from tumor compressing the nerve, toxic or metabolic disease), rarely an occipital cortex lesion.
Constriction of the Peripheral Fields Leaving a Small Central Field (Tunnel Vision)
Glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa or other peripheral retinal disorders (e.g., gyrate atrophy), chronic papilledema, sequela of panretinal photocoagulation or cryotherapy, central retinal artery occlusion with cilioretinal artery sparing, bilateral occipital lobe infarction with macular sparing, non-physiologic visual loss, medications (e.g., phenothiazines), vitamin A deficiency, carcinoma, melanoma, autoimmune-associated retinopathy.
Temporal, parietal, or occipital lobe lesion of the brain (e.g., stroke and tumor more commonly; aneurysm and trauma less commonly), optic tract or lateral geniculate body lesion, migraine (transiently).