More Common

Refractive error (especially undercorrected myopia), advanced glaucoma or optic atrophy, miosis (especially pharmacologic),  retinitis pigmentosa, congenital stationary night blindness, after panretinal photocoagulation, drugs (e.g., phenothiazines, chloroquine, quinine).

Less Common

Vitamin A deficiency, gyrate atrophy, choroideremia.