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Basics

Description
Physiology Principles
Anatomy
Physiology/Pathophysiology

Acid–base imbalances result from the failure of the total of the buffering systems. Depending on the details of the underlying cause, various outcomes of failure of the buffering system can be described:

Perioperative Relevance
Equations

References

  1. Casey JR. Why bicarbonate? Biochem Cell Biol. 2006;84(6):930939.
  2. Adrogué HJ , Gennari FJ , Galla JH , et al. Assessing acid-base disorders. Kidney Int. 2009;76:12391247.
  3. Fidkowski C , Helstrom J. Diagnosing metabolic acidosis in the critically ill: Bridging the anion gap, Stewart, and base excess methods. Can J Anesth. 2009;56:247256.

Additional Reading

See Also (Topic, Algorithm, Electronic Media Element)

Clinical Pearls

Author(s)

Horst Rieke , MD, PhD

Carlee Clark , MD