• Mobility and activity limitations
• Skin status: existing pressure injury, alterations in skin integrity, previous pressure injury
• Perfusion, circulation, and oxygenation factors: diabetes, vascular disease, alterations in blood pressure, smoking, edema, mechanical ventilation, oxygen use, respiratory disease
• Nutrition indicators: Altered nutritional and/or hydration status, significant obesity, or thinness
• Moisture: urinary and/or bowel incontinence, excessive skin moisture, diaphoresis
• Increased body temperature
• Older age (age >65 years)
• Sensory perception limitations
• Altered mental health status
• Trauma and/or surgery
• Critically ill individuals
• Neonates and children

Source: Adapted from Alvarez, O. M., Brindle, C. T., Langemo, D., Kennedy-Evans, K. L., Krasner, D. L., Brennan, M. R., & Levine, J. M. (2016). The VCU Pressure Ulcer Summit: The search for a clearer understanding and more precise clinical definition of the unavoidable pressure injury. Journal of Wound, Ostomy, and Continence Nursing, 43(5), 455-463; McNichol, L. L., Ratliff, C. R., & Yates, S. S (Eds.). (2022). Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nurses Society™. Core curriculum. Wound management. Wolters Kluwer; and European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (EPUAP), National Pressure Injury Advisory Panel (NPIAP), and Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliance (PPPIA). (2019). Prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers/injuries: Clinical Practice guideline. The international guideline. E.Haesler (Ed.). http://www.internationalguideline.com/