| Table 11-1 | Modified Consistency and Selected Therapeutic Diets |
| Diet and Description | Indications |
|---|
| Modified Consistency Diets | |
| Clear-Liquid Diet: Composed only of clear fluids or foods that become fluid at body temperature. Requires minimal digestion and leaves minimal residue. Includes clear broth, coffee, tea, clear fruit juices (apple, cranberry, grape), gelatin, popsicles, commercially prepared clear liquid supplements. | Preparation for bowel surgery and lower endoscopy; acute gastrointestinal disorders; initial postoperative diet |
| Puréed Diet: Also known as a blenderized liquid diet because the diet is made up of liquids and foods blenderized to liquid form. All foods are allowed. | After oral or facial surgery; chewing and swallowing difficulties |
| Mechanically Altered Diet: Regular diet with modifications for texture. Excludes most raw fruits and vegetables and foods with seeds, nuts, and dried fruits. Foods are chopped, ground, mashed or soft. | Chewing and swallowing difficulties; after surgery to the head, neck, or mouth |
| Selected Therapeutic Diets | |
| Consistent-Carbohydrate Diet: Total daily carbohydrate content is consistent; emphasizes general nutritional balance. Calories based on attaining and maintaining healthy weight. High-fiber and heart-healthy fats encouraged; sodium and saturated fats are limited. | Type 1 and type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance |
| Fat-Restricted Diet: Low-fat diets are intended to lower the patient's total intake of fat. | Chronic cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder) to decrease gallbladder stimulation; cardiovascular disease, to help prevent atherosclerosis |
| High-Fiber Diet: Emphasis on increased intake of foods high in fiber. | Prevent or treat constipation; irritable bowel syndrome; diverticulosis |
| Low-Fiber Diet: Fiber limited to ;10 g/day. | Before surgery; ulcerative colitis; diverticulitis; Crohn disease |
| Sodium-Restricted Diet: Sodium limit may be set at 500-3,000 mg/day | Hypertension; heart failure; acute and chronic renal disease, liver disease |
| Renal Diet: Reduce workload on kidneys to delay or prevent further damage; control accumulation of uremic toxins. Protein restriction 0.6-1 g/kg/day; sodium restriction 1,000-3,000 mg/day; potassium and fluid restrictions dependent on patient situation | Nephrotic syndrome; chronic kidney disease; diabetic kidney disease |