| √ | radiologic sign |
| • | clinical sign, symptom |
| = | equals, is |
| ≠ | is not |
| @ | at anatomic location of |
| / | or, per |
| + | and, plus, with |
| ± | with or without |
| < | less than |
| > | more than, over |
| › | separation of points |
| » | method |
| ◊ | important comment |
| → | leads to, is followed by |
| ← | due to, 2° to, caused by |
| ↑ | increased |
| ⇑ | much increased |
| ↓ | decreased |
| ⇓ | much decreased |
| ↔ | unchanged |
| ~ | about, approximately |
| ÷ | ratio |
| 1° | primary |
| 2° | secondary |
| 2-D | two-dimensional |
| 3-D | three-dimensional |
| 5-HIAA | 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid |
| aa. | arteries |
| AAA | abdominal aortic aneurysm |
| AAAs | abdominal aortic aneurysms |
| ABC | aneurysmal bone cyst |
| ABER | abduction + external rotation |
| ABO | blood group |
| ABR | American Board of Radiology |
| AC | abdominal circumference |
| ACA | anterior cerebral artery |
| ACE | angiotensin I–converting enzyme |
| ACEI | angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor |
| ACL | anterior cruciate ligament |
| aCom | anterior communicating artery |
| ACR | American College of Radiology |
| ACTH | adrenocorticotropic hormone |
| ADC | apparent diffusion coefficient |
| ADH | antidiuretic hormone; atypical ductal hyperplasia |
| ADPKD | adult polycystic kidney disease |
| AF-AFP | amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein |
| AFI | amniotic fluid index |
| AFP | alpha-fetoprotein |
| AICA | anterior inferior cerebellar artery |
| AIDS | acquired immune deficiency syndrome |
| AIP | acute interstitial pneumonia |
| AJCC | American Joint Committee on Cancer |
| ALARA | as low as reasonably achievable |
| AlkaPhos | alkaline phosphatase |
| ALL | acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
| ALPSA | anterior labroligamentous periosteal sleeve avulsion |
| ALSA | aberrant left subclavian artery |
| ALT | alanine aminotransferase |
| AMA | antimitochondrial antibody |
| AML | acute myeloblastic leukemia; angiomyolipoma |
| aML | anterior mitral valve leaflet |
| AMLs | angiomyolipomas |
| ANA | antinuclear antibodies |
| ANCA | antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies |
| Angio | angiography |
| ANT | anterior |
| Ao | aorta |
| AP | anteroposterior; arterial phase; alkaline phosphatase |
| APA | aldosterone producing adenoma |
| aPL-ab | antiphospholipid antibody |
| approx. | approximately |
| APUD | amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation |
| APUDomas | endocrine cells tumors |
| APVR | anomalous pulmonary venous return |
| APW | absolute percentage washout |
| ARA-C | arabinoside C |
| ARDS | acute respiratory distress syndrome |
| ARF | acute renal failure |
| AS | aortic stenosis |
| ASA | acetylsalicylic acid |
| ASD | atrial septal defect |
| ASH | asymmetric septal hypertrophy |
| AST | aspartate aminotransferase |
| ATN | acute tubular necrosis |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate |
| AV | arteriovenous; atrioventricular |
| AVF | arteriovenous fistula |
| AVM | arteriovenous malformation |
| AVMs | arteriovenous malformations |
| AVN | avascular necrosis |
| AVNA | atrioventricular node artery |
| Ba | barium |
| BAH | bilateral adrenal hyperplasia |
| BAL | bronchoalveolar lavage |
| BALT | bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue |
| BCG | bacille Calmette-Guérin |
| BCNU | bis-chloronitrosourea |
| BDI | basion-dens interval |
| BE | barium enema |
| BF | blood flow |
| b.i.d. | bis in die, Latin = twice per day |
| BIDA | butyl iminodiacetic acid |
| BI-RADS | Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System |
| BIH | benign intracranial hypertension |
| BKG | background |
| BKGcounts | background counts |
| BLC | biceps-labral complex |
| BLL | benign lymphoepithelial lesions |
| BMD | bone marrow density |
| BOOP | bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia |
| BP | blood pressure |
| BPD | biparietal diameter |
| BPH | benign prostatic hyperplasia |
| bpm | beats per minute |
| BPP | biophysical profile |
| Bq | Becquerel (1 Bq = one nucleus decays per sec) |
| BRCA | breast cancer suppressor gene |
| BSA | body surface area |
| BSO | bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy |
| Bx | biopsy |
| Ca | calcium |
| Ca2+ | calcium ion |
| c-ANCA | cytoplasmic pattern of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies |
| CA-125 | cancer antigen 125 |
| CABG | coronary artery bypass grafting |
| CAD | coronary artery disease |
| CADASIL | cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy |
| CAM | cystic adenomatoid malformation |
| CBD | common bile duct |
| CBF | cerebral blood flow |
| cBPD | corrected biparietal diameter |
| CBV | cerebral blood volume |
| CC | craniocaudad |
| CCA | common carotid artery |
| CCK | cholecystokinin |
| CCMC | common carpometacarpal joint |
| CCNU | 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea |
| CD4 | specialized lymphocyte responsible for cell-mediated immunity |
| CDC | Center for Disease Control |
| CDH | Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia |
| CEA | carcinoembryonic antigen |
| CECT | contrast-enhanced computed tomography |
| CEMR | contrast-enhanced MR |
| CF | cystic fibrosis |
| CFI | color flow imaging |
| CFTR | cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator gene |
| cGy | centigray = rad |
| CHAOS | Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome |
| CHD | common hepatic duct; congenital heart defect |
| CHF | congestive heart failure |
| CLL | chronic lymphatic leukemia |
| cm | centimeter |
| cm2 | square centimeter |
| cm3 | cubic centimeters |
| CMC | carpometacarpal |
| CME | continuing medical education |
| CML | chronic myelogenous leukemia |
| CMV | Cytomegalovirus |
| CN | cranial nerve |
| CNS | central nervous system |
| CO | carbon monoxide |
| CoA | coarctation of aorta |
| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| COW | circle of Willis |
| CP | cerebellopontine |
| CPA | cerebellopontine angle |
| CPAP | continuous positive airway pressure |
| CPD | cardiopulmonary disease |
| CPDN | cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma |
| cpm | counts per min |
| CPPD | calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate |
| CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
| cps | counts per sec |
| cRCC | conventional renal cell cancer; cystic renal cell cancer |
| CRF | chronic renal failure |
| CRL | crown rump length |
| CRT | cathode ray tube |
| CSF | cerebrospinal fluid |
| CSI | chemical shift imaging |
| CST | contraction stress test |
| C/T | cardiothoracic ratio |
| CT | computed tomography |
| CTA | computed tomography angiogram |
| CVA | cerebrovascular accident |
| CVC | central venous catheter |
| CVJ | craniovertebral junction |
| CVS | chorionic villus sampling |
| CWP | coal worker's pneumoconiosis |
| Cx | complication |
| CXR | chest x-ray |
| CXRs | chest x-rays |
| d | day(s) |
| D5W | solution of 5% dextrose in water |
| DCBE | double-contrast barium enema |
| DCIS | ductal carcinoma in situ |
| DDH | developmental dysplasia of hip |
| DDx | differential diagnosis |
| DES | diethylstilbestrol |
| DEXA | dual energy X-ray absorptiometry |
| DFSP | dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans |
| DIC | disseminated intravascular coagulation |
| DIDA | diethyl iminodiacetic acid |
| DIP | desquamative interstitial pneumonia; distal interphalangeal |
| DISH | diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis |
| DISIDA | diisopropyl iminodiacetic acid |
| dist | distal |
| DIT | diiodotyrosine |
| DLCL | diffuse large cell lymphoma |
| DLCO | diffusion capacity of lung for carbon monoxide |
| DMSA | dimercaptosuccinic acid |
| DORV | double outlet right ventricle |
| DPLD | diffuse parenchymal lung disease |
| DSA | digital subtraction angiography |
| DTPA | diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid |
| DVT | deep vein thrombosis |
| DWI | diffusion weighted images |
| Dx | diagnosis |
| dz | disease |
| EAC | external auditory canal |
| EBV | Epstein-Barr virus |
| EC-cells | enterochromaffin cells |
| ECA | external carotid artery |
| ECD | endocardial cushion defect; ethyl cysteinate dimer |
| ECF | extracellular fluid |
| ECG | electrocardiogram |
| ECHO | echocardiogram; enteric cytopathic human orphan (virus) |
| ECMO | extracorporeal membrane oxygenation |
| EDD | enddiastolic diameter |
| EDTA | ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid |
| EDV | enddiastolic volume |
| EEG | electroencephalogram |
| EF | ejection fraction |
| EFW | estimated fetal weight |
| EG | eosinophilic granuloma |
| eg | exempli gratia |
| EGA | estimated gestational age |
| EHDP | ethylene hydroxydiphosphonate |
| EKG | electrocardiogram |
| ELISA | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay |
| EMA | epithelial membrane antigen |
| ENT | ear, nose and throat |
| ErbB | epidermal growth factor receptor gene |
| ERC | endoscopic retrograde cholangiography |
| ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
| ERPF | effective renal plasma flow |
| ERV | expiratory reserve volume |
| ESD | endsystolic diameter |
| esp. | especially |
| ESR | erythrocyte sedimentation rate |
| EtOH | ethanol |
| ESV | end-systolic volume |
| F | female; fluorine |
| Fab | fragment antigen binding |
| FAI | femoroacetabular impingement |
| FAP | familial adenomatous polyposis |
| FDA | Federal Drug Administration |
| FDG | fluorodeoxyglucose |
| Fe2+ | ferrous ion |
| Fe3+ | ferric state |
| FEV | forced expiratory volume |
| FEV1 | FEV at 1 sec |
| FEV3 | FEV at 3 sec |
| FHM | fetal heart motion |
| FIGO | Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique |
| FISH | fluorescence in situ hybridization |
| FK-506 | code number for tacrolimus |
| FL | femur length |
| FLAIR | fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence |
| FLASH | fast low-angle shot |
| FN | false negative |
| FNAB | fine needle aspiration biopsy |
| FNH | follicular nodular hyperplasia |
| FOOSH | fall on outstretched hand |
| FP | false positive |
| Fr | French = unit of linear measure of circumference (1 F = 1/3 mm ≈ 1 mm in diameter) |
| FRC | functional residual capacity |
| FS | fractional shortening |
| FSE | fast spin echo |
| FSH | follicle stimulating hormone |
| FVC | forced vital capacity |
| FWHM | full-width at half-maximum |
| Fx | fracture |
| GA | gestational age |
| GB | gallbladder |
| GBM | glioblastoma multiforme |
| GCT | giant cell tumor; granulosa cell tumor |
| GCTs | giant cell tumors |
| Gd | gadolinium |
| GDA | gastroduodenal artery |
| GE | gastroesophageal |
| GER | gastroesophageal reflux |
| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease |
| GFR | glomerular filtration rate |
| GH | growth hormone |
| GHA | glucoheptonate |
| GI | gastrointestinal |
| GIST | gastrointestinal stromal tumor |
| GMP | guanosine monophosphate |
| GMRH | germinal matrix–related hemorrhage |
| GN | glomerulonephritis |
| GNRH | gonadotropin releasing hormone |
| GRASS | gradient recalled acquisition in steady state |
| GRE | gradient refocused echo |
| GS | gestational sac |
| GSV | great saphenous vein |
| GnRH | gonadotropin releasing hormone |
| GU | genitourinary |
| Gy | 1 gray = absorption of 1 joule of ionizing radiation by 1 kilogram of matter = 1 J • kg-1 = 1 m2 • sec-2 |
| γGT | gamma-glutamyltransferase |
| HAART | highly active antiretroviral therapy |
| HAGL | humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament |
| Hb | hemoglobin |
| HBME-1 | mouse monoclonal antibody to mesothelioma |
| HBP | high blood pressure |
| HBV | hepatitis B virus |
| HC | head circumference |
| HCC | hepatocellular carcinoma |
| HCCs | hepatocellular carcinomas |
| hCG | human chorionic gonadotropin |
| HCl | hydrochloric acid |
| Hct | hematocrit |
| HD | Hodgkin disease |
| HELLP | hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets |
| Hg | mercury |
| HHV8 | human herpes virus type 8 |
| HIAA | hydroxyindole acetic acid |
| HIDA | hepatic 2,6-dimethyl iminodiacetic acid |
| HIE | hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy |
| Histo | histology |
| HIV | human immunodeficiency virus |
| HL | Hodgkin lymphoma |
| HLA | human leukocyte antigen |
| HMB-45 | monoclonal antibody against human melanoma black |
| HMPAO | hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime = exametazime |
| HNP | herniated nucleus pulposus |
| HOCM | hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy; high-osmolar contrast media |
| HPF | high power field (400 x magnification) |
| HPO | hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy |
| HPS | hypertrophic pyloric stenosis |
| HPT | hyperparathyroidism |
| HPV | human papilloma virus |
| hr | hour(s) |
| HRCT | high-resolution CT |
| HRT | hormone replacement therapy |
| HSA | human serum albumin |
| HSG | hysterosalpingography |
| HSV | herpes simplex virus |
| HTN | hypertension |
| HU | Hounsfield unit |
| HV | hepatic vein |
| HypoPT | hypoparathyroidism |
| Hx | history |
| IAA | interruption of aortic arch |
| IAC | internal auditory canal |
| ICA | internal carotid artery |
| ICBT | intercostal bronchial trunk a. |
| ICP | intracranial pressure |
| IDA | iminodiacetic acid |
| IDC | invasive ductal carcinoma |
| IDDM | insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus |
| IDM | infant of diabetic mother |
| ie | id est |
| IgA | Immunoglobulin A |
| IgE | Immunoglobulin E |
| IgG | Immunoglobulin G |
| IGL | inferior glenohumeral ligament |
| IGHLC | inferior glenohumeral labroligamentous complex |
| IGL | inferior glenohumeral ligament |
| IgM | immunoglobulin M |
| IHSS | idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis |
| IIP | idiopathic interstitial pneumonia |
| ILC | invasive lobular carcinoma |
| IM | intramuscular |
| IMA | inferior mesenteric artery |
| IMH | intramural hematoma |
| IMV | inferior mesenteric vein |
| In | indium |
| inf | inferior |
| intermed | intermediate |
| IPF | idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis |
| IPH | idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis; intraparenchymal hemorrhage |
| IPMT | intraductal papillary mucinous tumor |
| IQ | intelligence quotient |
| IR | inversion recovery |
| IRP | international reference preparation |
| IRU | inferior radioulnar joint |
| IRV | inspiratory reserve volume |
| IS | iliosacral; international standard |
| IU | international unit = amount of a substance, based on measured biological activity or effect |
| IUD | intrauterine device |
| IUGR | intrauterine growth retardation |
| IUP | intrauterine pregnancy |
| IV | intravenous |
| IVC | inferior vena cava |
| IVDA | intravenous drug abuse |
| IVH | intraventricular hemorrhage |
| IVP | intravenous pyelogram |
| IVS | intraventricular septum |
| IVU | intravenous urogram |
| JAA | juxtaposition of atrial appendages |
| KCC | Kulchitsky cell carcinoma |
| kDa | atomic weight in terms of kilodaltons |
| keV | 1 kiloelectron volt = 1.60217646 × 10-16 joules |
| kV | kilovolt |
| kVp | kilovolt peak |
| KUB | kidney + ureter + bladder on one film |
| L | left |
| L-DOPA | 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-levo-alanin |
| LA | left atrium |
| LAD | left anterior descending |
| LAO | left anterior oblique |
| LAT | lateral |
| LATS | long-acting thyroid stimulating |
| lbs | pounds (Libra pondo, Latin) |
| LCA | left coronary artery |
| LCH | Langerhans cell histiocytosis |
| LCIS | lobular carcinoma in situ |
| LCL | lateral collateral ligament |
| LCx | left circumflex coronary artery |
| LDH | lactate dehydrogenase |
| LE | lupus erythematosus |
| LES | lower esophageal sphincter |
| LFTs | liver function tests |
| LGA | large for gestational age |
| LGE | late gadolinium-induced enhancement |
| LH | luteinizing hormone |
| LHBB | long head of biceps brachii |
| LHRH | luteinizing hormone releasing hormone |
| lig. | ligament |
| ligg. | ligaments |
| LIP | lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis |
| LL | lower lobes |
| LLL | left lower lobe |
| LLQ | left lower quadrant |
| LM | left main coronary artery; lateromedial |
| LMP | last menstrual period |
| Lnn | lymph nodes |
| LOCM | low-osmolar contrast media |
| LPA | left pulmonary artery |
| LPD | lymphoproliferative disease |
| LPO | left posterior oblique |
| LPV | left portal vein |
| L/S | Lecithin-Sphingomyelin (ratio) |
| LSA | left subclavian artery |
| LSD | lysergic acid diethylamide |
| LUL | left upper lobe |
| LUQ | left upper quadrant |
| LV | left ventricle |
| LVEF | left ventricular ejection fraction |
| LVET | left ventricular ejection time |
| LVFT1 | left ventricular fast filling time |
| LVOT | left ventricular outflow tract |
| LVPW | left ventricular posterior wall |
| M | male |
| m | meter |
| m. | muscle |
| MA | menstrual age |
| MAA | macroaggregated albumin |
| MAG | mercaptoacetyltriglycine |
| MAI | Mycobacterium avium intracellulare |
| MALT | mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue |
| Mammo | mammography |
| max. | maximum |
| MBC | maximum breathing capacity |
| MBq | mega Becquerel = 106 Bq |
| MCA | middle cerebral artery |
| MCDK | multicystic dysplastic kidney |
| mCi | millicurie (1 mCi = 3.7×107 disintegrations per sec) |
| MCP | metacarpophalangeal |
| MCL | medial collateral ligament |
| MDMA | 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine |
| MDP | methylene diphosphonate |
| MEA | multiple endocrine adenomas |
| MED | medial |
| MELAS | Mitochondrial myopathy, Encephalopathy, Lactic acidosis, And Strokelike episodes |
| MEN | multiple endocrine neoplasms |
| mEq | milliequivalent |
| mets | metastases |
| MFH | malignant fibrous histiocytoma |
| MGL | middle glenohumeral ligament |
| mGy | absorbed energy of ionizing radiation (1 Gy = 1 J • kg-1 = 1 m2 • sec-2) |
| MHA | microhemagglutination assay |
| MIBG | metaiodobenzylguanidine |
| MIBI | methoxyisobutylisonitril |
| min. | minimum |
| min | minute(s) |
| MIP | maximum intensity projection |
| MIT | monoiodotyrosine |
| mIU | 1 • 10-6 IU |
| ML | middle lobe |
| MLCN | multilocular cystic nephroma |
| MLO | mediolateral oblique |
| mm. | muscles |
| MMAA | mini-microaggregated albumin colloid |
| MMFR | maximal midexpiratory flow rate |
| mo | month(s) |
| MoM | multiple of mean |
| MPA | main pulmonary artery |
| MPS | mucopolysaccharidosis |
| MPV | main portal vein |
| MR | magnetic resonance |
| MRA | magnetic resonance angiography |
| MRCP | magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography |
| MRV | magnetic resonance venography |
| MS-AFP | maternal serum - fetoprotein |
| mSv | millisievert (1 Sv = 1 J/kg) |
| MT | metatarsal |
| MTP | metatarsophalangeal |
| MTT | mean transit time |
| MUGA | multiple gated acquisition |
| MV | mitral valve |
| MVA | motor vehicle accident |
| MVC | motor vehicle collision |
| Myelo | myelography |
| NASCET | North American symptomatic endarterectomy trial |
| N.B. | nota bene |
| NCCT | noncontrast CT |
| NECT | nonenhanced computed tomography |
| NF1 | neurofibromatosis type 1 |
| NG | nasogastric |
| NHL | non-Hodgkin lymphoma |
| NIDDM | non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus |
| nn. | nerves |
| NMLE | non-masslike enhancement |
| NOS | not otherwise specified |
| npl | neoplasm |
| NPO | nulla per os |
| NPV | negative predictive value |
| NRC | Nuclear Regulatory Commission |
| NSAID | nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug |
| NSAIDs | nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs |
| NSIP | nonspecific interstitial pneumonia |
| NST | nonstress test |
| NTD | neural tube defect |
| NTDs | neural tube defects |
| NUC | nuclear medicine |
| OB | obstetrical |
| OB-US | obstetrical ultrasound |
| OBL | oblique |
| OEIS | omphalocele, (bladder) exstrophy, imperforate anus, spinal defects |
| OFD | occipitofrontal diameter |
| OHSS | ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome |
| OI | osteogenesis imperfecta |
| OIH | orthoiodohippurate |
| OKC | odontogenic keratocyst |
| P | phosphorus |
| p-ANCA | perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies |
| PA | posteroanterior; pulmonary artery |
| PACs | premature atrial contractions |
| PAH | para-aminohippurate; precapillary pulmonary arterial hypertension |
| PALM | premature with accelerated lung maturity |
| PAP | primary atypical pneumonia; pulmonary alveolar proteinosis |
| PAPVR | partial anomalous pulmonary venous return |
| PAS | periodic acid Schiff |
| PASH | pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia |
| Path | pathology |
| PAVM | pulmonary arteriovenous malformation |
| PAWP | pulmonary artery wedge pressure |
| PBF | pulmonary blood flow |
| PCA | posterior cerebral artery |
| PCKD | polycystic kidney disease |
| PCL | posterior cruciate ligament |
| pCom | posterior communicating artery |
| PCP | Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia |
| PCWP | pulmonary capillary wedge pressure |
| PD | posterior descending artery |
| PDA | patent ductus arteriosus |
| PE | pulmonary embolism |
| PEEP | positive end expiratory pressure |
| PEP | preejection period |
| PET | positron emission tomography, pancreatic endocrine tumor |
| PFT | pulmonary function tests |
| pHPT | primary hyperparathyroidism |
| PHPV | persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous |
| PHypoPT | pseudohypoparathyroidism |
| PICA | posterior inferior cerebellar artery |
| PID | pelvic inflammatory disease |
| PIE | pulmonary infiltrate with eosinophilia; pulmonary interstitial emphysema |
| PIOPED | prospective investigation of pulmonary embolus detection |
| PIP | proximal interphalangeal |
| PIPIDA | paraisopropyl iminodiacetic acid |
| PLCH | pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis |
| PLSA | posterolateral segment artery |
| pML | posterior mitral valve leaflet |
| PMMA | polymethylmethacrylate |
| PMN | polymorphonuclear |
| PMNs | polymorphonuclears |
| PMT | photomultiplier tube |
| PNET | primitive neuroectodermal tumor |
| PNST | peripheral nerve sheath tumor |
| PO | per os, Latin = by mouth |
| pO2 | oxygen pressure |
| POST | posterior |
| PPD | purified protein derivative |
| PPG | photoplethysmography |
| PPHypoPT | pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism |
| ppm | parts per million |
| PPROM | preterm premature rupture of membranes |
| PPV | positive predictive value; positive-pressure ventilation |
| pRCC | papillary renal cell cancer |
| preval | prevalence |
| p.r.n. | pro re nata, Latin = as the circumstance arises |
| PS | pulmonary stenosis |
| PSA | prostate-specific antigen |
| PSS | progressive systemic sclerosis |
| PSV | peak systolic velocity |
| PTA | percutaneous transluminal angioplasty |
| PTC | percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography |
| PTH | parathyroid hormone |
| pTL | posterior tricuspid valve leaflet |
| PTU | propylthiouracil |
| PV | portal vein; pulmonary valve |
| PVC | polyvinyl chloride |
| PVCs | premature ventricular contractions |
| PVH | pulmonary venous hypertension |
| PVL | periventricular leukomalacia |
| PVNS | pigmented villonodular synovitis |
| PVP | portal venous phase |
| PVR | pulse volume recording; postvoid residual |
| PYP | pyrophosphate |
| QPS | quantitative perfusion SPECT |
| R | right |
| RA | rheumatoid arthritis; right atrium |
| RAA | right aortic arch; right atrial appendage |
| rad | radiation absorbed dose, in 1975 replaced by gray (Gy) |
| RAIU | radioactive iodine uptake |
| RAO | right anterior oblique |
| Rb | Rubidium |
| RB-ILD | respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease |
| RBC | red blood cell |
| RBCs | red blood cells |
| RCA | right coronary artery |
| RCC | renal cell carcinoma |
| RCCs | renal cell carcinomas |
| RDS | respiratory distress syndrome |
| rel. | relative |
| RES | reticuloendothelial system |
| RHV | right hepatic vein |
| RI | resistive index |
| RIBA | recombinant immunoblot assay |
| RIND | reversible ischemic neurologic deficit |
| RISA | radioiodine serum albumin |
| RLAT | right lateral |
| RLL | right lower lobe |
| RLQ | right lower quadrant |
| RML | right middle lobe |
| RMS | root mean square |
| ROC | receiver operating characteristic |
| ROI | region of interest |
| ROIs | regions of interest |
| RPF | renal plasma flow |
| RPO | right posterior oblique |
| RPV | right portal vein |
| RPW | relative percentage washout |
| RSV | respiratory syncytial virus |
| RTA | renal tubular acidosis |
| RUL | right upper lobe |
| RUQ | right upper quadrant |
| RV | residual volume; right ventricle |
| RVOT | right ventricular outflow tract |
| RVT | renal vein thrombosis |
| Rx | therapy |
| S1Q3T3 | prominent S wave in lead I + Q wave and inverted T wave in lead III |
| S/P | status post |
| SAE | subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy |
| SAG | sagittal |
| SAH | subarachnoid hemorrhage |
| SBE | subacute bacterial endocarditis |
| SBFT | small bowel follow-through |
| SBO | small bowel obstruction |
| SCC | squamous cell carcinoma |
| SCBE | single-contrast barium enema |
| SCLC | small cell lung cancer |
| SCMM | sternocleidomastoid muscle |
| S/D | systolic / diastolic (ratio) |
| SD | standard deviation |
| SDS | summed difference score |
| SE | spin echo |
| Sens | sensitivity |
| SGA | small for gestational age |
| SGL | superior glenohumeral ligament |
| sHPT | secondary hyperparathyroidism |
| SI | signal intensity |
| SIJ | sacroiliac joint |
| SIS | Second International Standard |
| SLAP | superior labral tear from anterior to posterior |
| SLE | systemic lupus erythematosus |
| SMA | superior mesenteric artery |
| SMV | superior mesenteric vein |
| Sn | stannum |
| SNHL | sensorineural hearing loss |
| SOB | shortness of breath |
| S/P | status post |
| Specif | specificity |
| SPECT | single photon emission |
| SPIO | superparamagnetic iron oxide |
| SQ | subcutaneous |
| SRS | summed rest score |
| SSS | summed stress score |
| STH | somatotrophic hormone |
| STIR | short tau inversion recovery |
| supp | suppositorium, suppository |
| Surg | surgery |
| SUV | standardized uptake values |
| SVC | superior vena cava |
| SVCs | superior venae cavae |
| T1WI | T1-weighted image |
| T2WI | T2-weighted image |
| TAH | total abdominal hysterectomy |
| TAPVR | total anomalous pulmonary venous return |
| TB | tuberculosis |
| TBG | thyroxin-binding globulin |
| Tc | Technetium |
| TCC | transitional cell carcinoma |
| TDLU | terminal ductal lobular unit |
| TDLUs | terminal ductal lobular units |
| TE | echo time |
| TEF | tracheoesophageal fistula |
| TGA | transposition of great arteries |
| TGV | transposition of great vessels |
| tHPT | tertiary hyperparathyroidism |
| TIA | transitory ischemic attack |
| TIAs | transitory ischemic attacks |
| TLC | total lung capacity |
| Tm | transport maximum across tubular cells |
| Tmax | time to maximum peak |
| TMB-IDA | 2,4,6-trimethylbromo-acetanilide iminodiacetic acid |
| TN | true negative |
| TNF | tumor necrosis factor |
| TNM | tumor nodes metastasis |
| TOA | tuboovarian abscess |
| TOF | tetralogy of Fallot; time of flight |
| TORCH | toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes virus |
| TP | true positive |
| TPN | total parenteral nutrition |
| TPROM | term premature rupture of membranes |
| TR | repetition time |
| TRH | thyrotropin-releasing hormone |
| TRV | transverse |
| TSC | tuberous sclerosis |
| TSH | thyroid-stimulating hormone |
| TURP | transurethral resection of prostate |
| TV | tidal volume |
| UA | umbilical artery |
| UCL | ulnar collateral ligament |
| uE3 | unconjugated estriol |
| UGI | upper gastrointestinal series |
| UICC | Union Internationale Contre le Cancer |
| UIP | usual interstitial pneumonia |
| UL | upper lobe |
| UPJ | ureteropelvic junction |
| URI | upper respiratory infection |
| US | ultrasound |
| USA | United States of America |
| USP | United States Pharmacopoeia |
| USP XX | United States Pharmacopoeia, 20th edition |
| UTI | urinary tract infection |
| UTIs | urinary tract infections |
| UVJ | ureterovesical junction |
| Uvol | urine volume |
| VACTERL | vertebral, anorectal, cardiovascular, tracheo-esophageal fistula, renal, limb anomalies |
| VC | vital capacity |
| VCUG | voiding cystourethrogram |
| VDRL | venereal disease research laboratory |
| vHL | Von Hippel-Lindau disease |
| VIP | vasoactive intestinal peptides |
| VMA | vanillylmandelic acid |
| VP | ventriculoperitoneal |
| V/Q | ventilation perfusion |
| VR | Virchow-Robin space |
| vs. | versus |
| VSD | ventricular septal defect |
| VSDs | ventricular septal defects |
| VUR | vesicoureteral reflux |
| vv. | venae, veins |
| WAGR | Wilms tumor, aniridia, genital abnormalities, mental retardation |
| WBC | white blood cell |
| WBCs | white blood cells |
| WDHA | watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, achlorhydria |
| WDHH | watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, hypochlorhydria |
| WM | white matter |
| wk | week(s) |
| w/o | without |
| WPW | Wolff-Parkinson-White |
| wt/vol | weight/volume percent = amount of solute in g per amount of solution in mL |
| XGP | xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis |
| YS | yolk sac |
| yr | year(s) |