A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y
| √ | radiologic sign | ||
| • | clinical sign, symptom | ||
| = | equals, is | ||
| ≠ | is not | ||
| @ | at anatomic location of | ||
| / | or, per | ||
| + | and, plus, with | ||
| ± | with or without | ||
| < | less than | ||
| > | more than, over | ||
| › | separation of points | ||
| » | method | ||
| ◊ | important comment | ||
| → | leads to, is followed by | ||
| ← | due to, 2° to, caused by | ||
| ↑ | increased | ||
| ⇑ | much increased | ||
| ↓ | decreased | ||
| ⇓ | much decreased | ||
| ↔ | unchanged | ||
| ~ | about, approximately | ||
| ÷ | ratio | ||
| 1° | primary | ||
| 2° | secondary | ||
| 2-D | two-dimensional | ||
| 3-D | three-dimensional | ||
| 5-HIAA | 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid | ||
| aa. | arteries  | ||
| AAA | abdominal aortic aneurysm | ||
| AAAs | abdominal aortic aneurysms | ||
| ABC | aneurysmal bone cyst | ||
| ABER | abduction + external rotation | ||
| ABO | blood group | ||
| ABR | American Board of Radiology | ||
| AC | abdominal circumference | ||
| ACA | anterior cerebral artery | ||
| ACE | angiotensin I–converting enzyme | ||
| ACEI | angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor | ||
| ACL | anterior cruciate ligament | ||
| aCom | anterior communicating artery | ||
| ACR | American College of Radiology | ||
| ACTH | adrenocorticotropic hormone | ||
| ADC | apparent diffusion coefficient | ||
| ADH | antidiuretic hormone; atypical ductal hyperplasia | ||
| ADPKD | adult polycystic kidney disease | ||
| AF-AFP | amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein | ||
| AFI | amniotic fluid index | ||
| AFP | alpha-fetoprotein | ||
| AICA | anterior inferior cerebellar artery | ||
| AIDS | acquired immune deficiency syndrome | ||
| AIP | acute interstitial pneumonia | ||
| AJCC | American Joint Committee on Cancer | ||
| ALARA | as low as reasonably achievable | ||
| AlkaPhos | alkaline phosphatase | ||
| ALL | acute lymphoblastic leukemia | ||
| ALPSA | anterior labroligamentous periosteal sleeve avulsion | ||
| ALSA | aberrant left subclavian artery | ||
| ALT | alanine aminotransferase | ||
| AMA | antimitochondrial antibody | ||
| AML | acute myeloblastic leukemia; angiomyolipoma | ||
| aML | anterior mitral valve leaflet | ||
| AMLs | angiomyolipomas | ||
| ANA | antinuclear antibodies | ||
| ANCA | antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies | ||
| Angio | angiography | ||
| ANT | anterior | ||
| Ao | aorta | ||
| AP | anteroposterior; arterial phase; alkaline phosphatase | ||
| APA | aldosterone producing adenoma | ||
| aPL-ab | antiphospholipid antibody | ||
| approx. | approximately | ||
| APUD | amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation | ||
| APUDomas | endocrine cells tumors | ||
| APVR | anomalous pulmonary venous return | ||
| APW | absolute percentage washout | ||
| ARA-C | arabinoside C | ||
| ARDS | acute respiratory distress syndrome | ||
| ARF | acute renal failure | ||
| AS | aortic stenosis | ||
| ASA | acetylsalicylic acid | ||
| ASD | atrial septal defect | ||
| ASH | asymmetric septal hypertrophy | ||
| AST | aspartate aminotransferase | ||
| ATN | acute tubular necrosis | ||
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate | ||
| AV | arteriovenous; atrioventricular | ||
| AVF | arteriovenous fistula | ||
| AVM | arteriovenous malformation | ||
| AVMs | arteriovenous malformations | ||
| AVN | avascular necrosis | ||
| AVNA | atrioventricular node artery | ||
| Ba | barium | ||
| BAH | bilateral adrenal hyperplasia | ||
| BAL | bronchoalveolar lavage | ||
| BALT | bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue | ||
| BCG | bacille Calmette-Guérin | ||
| BCNU | bis-chloronitrosourea | ||
| BDI | basion-dens interval | ||
| BE | barium enema | ||
| BF | blood flow | ||
| b.i.d. | bis in die, Latin = twice per day | ||
| BIDA | butyl iminodiacetic acid | ||
| BI-RADS | Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System | ||
| BIH | benign intracranial hypertension | ||
| BKG | background | ||
| BKGcounts | background counts | ||
| BLC | biceps-labral complex | ||
| BLL | benign lymphoepithelial lesions | ||
| BMD | bone marrow density | ||
| BOOP | bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia | ||
| BP | blood pressure | ||
| BPD | biparietal diameter | ||
| BPH | benign prostatic hyperplasia | ||
| bpm | beats per minute | ||
| BPP | biophysical profile | ||
| Bq | Becquerel (1 Bq = one nucleus decays per sec) | ||
| BRCA | breast cancer suppressor gene | ||
| BSA | body surface area | ||
| BSO | bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy | ||
| Bx | biopsy | ||
| Ca | calcium | ||
| Ca2+ | calcium ion | ||
| c-ANCA | cytoplasmic pattern of antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies | ||
| CA-125 | cancer antigen 125 | ||
| CABG | coronary artery bypass grafting | ||
| CAD | coronary artery disease | ||
| CADASIL | cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy | ||
| CAM | cystic adenomatoid malformation | ||
| CBD | common bile duct | ||
| CBF | cerebral blood flow | ||
| cBPD | corrected biparietal diameter | ||
| CBV | cerebral blood volume | ||
| CC | craniocaudad | ||
| CCA | common carotid artery | ||
| CCK | cholecystokinin | ||
| CCMC | common carpometacarpal joint | ||
| CCNU | 1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea | ||
| CD4 | specialized lymphocyte responsible for cell-mediated immunity | ||
| CDC | Center for Disease Control | ||
| CDH | Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia | ||
| CEA | carcinoembryonic antigen | ||
| CECT | contrast-enhanced computed tomography | ||
| CEMR | contrast-enhanced MR | ||
| CF | cystic fibrosis | ||
| CFI | color flow imaging | ||
| CFTR | cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator gene | ||
| cGy | centigray = rad | ||
| CHAOS | Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome | ||
| CHD | common hepatic duct; congenital heart defect | ||
| CHF | congestive heart failure | ||
| CLL | chronic lymphatic leukemia | ||
| cm | centimeter | ||
| cm2 | square centimeter | ||
| cm3 | cubic centimeters | ||
| CMC | carpometacarpal | ||
| CME | continuing medical education | ||
| CML | chronic myelogenous leukemia | ||
| CMV | Cytomegalovirus | ||
| CN | cranial nerve | ||
| CNS | central nervous system | ||
| CO | carbon monoxide | ||
| CoA | coarctation of aorta | ||
| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | ||
| COW | circle of Willis | ||
| CP | cerebellopontine | ||
| CPA | cerebellopontine angle | ||
| CPAP | continuous positive airway pressure | ||
| CPD | cardiopulmonary disease | ||
| CPDN | cystic partially differentiated nephroblastoma | ||
| cpm | counts per min | ||
| CPPD | calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate | ||
| CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation | ||
| cps | counts per sec | ||
| cRCC | conventional renal cell cancer; cystic renal cell cancer | ||
| CRF | chronic renal failure | ||
| CRL | crown rump length | ||
| CRT | cathode ray tube | ||
| CSF | cerebrospinal fluid | ||
| CSI | chemical shift imaging | ||
| CST | contraction stress test | ||
| C/T | cardiothoracic ratio | ||
| CT | computed tomography | ||
| CTA | computed tomography angiogram | ||
| CVA | cerebrovascular accident | ||
| CVC | central venous catheter | ||
| CVJ | craniovertebral junction | ||
| CVS | chorionic villus sampling | ||
| CWP | coal worker's pneumoconiosis | ||
| Cx | complication | ||
| CXR | chest x-ray | ||
| CXRs | chest x-rays | ||
| d | day(s) | ||
| D5W | solution of 5% dextrose in water | ||
| DCBE | double-contrast barium enema | ||
| DCIS | ductal carcinoma in situ | ||
| DDH | developmental dysplasia of hip | ||
| DDx | differential diagnosis | ||
| DES | diethylstilbestrol | ||
| DEXA | dual energy X-ray absorptiometry | ||
| DFSP | dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans | ||
| DIC | disseminated intravascular coagulation | ||
| DIDA | diethyl iminodiacetic acid | ||
| DIP | desquamative interstitial pneumonia; distal interphalangeal | ||
| DISH | diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis | ||
| DISIDA | diisopropyl iminodiacetic acid | ||
| dist | distal | ||
| DIT | diiodotyrosine | ||
| DLCL | diffuse large cell lymphoma | ||
| DLCO | diffusion capacity of lung for carbon monoxide | ||
| DMSA | dimercaptosuccinic acid | ||
| DORV | double outlet right ventricle | ||
| DPLD | diffuse parenchymal lung disease | ||
| DSA | digital subtraction angiography | ||
| DTPA | diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid | ||
| DVT | deep vein thrombosis | ||
| DWI | diffusion weighted images | ||
| Dx | diagnosis | ||
| dz | disease | ||
| EAC | external auditory canal | ||
| EBV | Epstein-Barr virus | ||
| EC-cells | enterochromaffin cells | ||
| ECA | external carotid artery | ||
| ECD | endocardial cushion defect; ethyl cysteinate dimer | ||
| ECF | extracellular fluid | ||
| ECG | electrocardiogram | ||
| ECHO | echocardiogram; enteric cytopathic human orphan (virus) | ||
| ECMO | extracorporeal membrane oxygenation | ||
| EDD | enddiastolic diameter | ||
| EDTA | ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid | ||
| EDV | enddiastolic volume | ||
| EEG | electroencephalogram | ||
| EF | ejection fraction | ||
| EFW | estimated fetal weight | ||
| EG | eosinophilic granuloma | ||
| eg | exempli gratia | ||
| EGA | estimated gestational age | ||
| EHDP | ethylene hydroxydiphosphonate | ||
| EKG | electrocardiogram | ||
| ELISA | enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay | ||
| EMA | epithelial membrane antigen | ||
| ENT | ear, nose and throat | ||
| ErbB | epidermal growth factor receptor gene | ||
| ERC | endoscopic retrograde cholangiography | ||
| ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography | ||
| ERPF | effective renal plasma flow | ||
| ERV | expiratory reserve volume | ||
| ESD | endsystolic diameter | ||
| esp. | especially | ||
| ESR | erythrocyte sedimentation rate | ||
| EtOH | ethanol | ||
| ESV | end-systolic volume | ||
| F | female; fluorine | ||
| Fab | fragment antigen binding | ||
| FAI | femoroacetabular impingement | ||
| FAP | familial adenomatous polyposis | ||
| FDA | Federal Drug Administration | ||
| FDG | fluorodeoxyglucose | ||
| Fe2+ | ferrous ion | ||
| Fe3+ | ferric state | ||
| FEV | forced expiratory volume | ||
| FEV1 | FEV at 1 sec | ||
| FEV3 | FEV at 3 sec | ||
| FHM | fetal heart motion | ||
| FIGO | Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique | ||
| FISH | fluorescence in situ hybridization | ||
| FK-506 | code number for tacrolimus | ||
| FL | femur length | ||
| FLAIR | fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence | ||
| FLASH | fast low-angle shot | ||
| FN | false negative | ||
| FNAB | fine needle aspiration biopsy | ||
| FNH | follicular nodular hyperplasia | ||
| FOOSH | fall on outstretched hand | ||
| FP | false positive | ||
| Fr | French = unit of linear measure of circumference (1 F = 1/3 mm ≈ 1 mm in diameter) | ||
| FRC | functional residual capacity | ||
| FS | fractional shortening | ||
| FSE | fast spin echo | ||
| FSH | follicle stimulating hormone | ||
| FVC | forced vital capacity | ||
| FWHM | full-width at half-maximum | ||
| Fx | fracture | ||
| GA | gestational age | ||
| GB | gallbladder | ||
| GBM | glioblastoma multiforme | ||
| GCT | giant cell tumor; granulosa cell tumor | ||
| GCTs | giant cell tumors | ||
| Gd | gadolinium | ||
| GDA | gastroduodenal artery | ||
| GE | gastroesophageal | ||
| GER | gastroesophageal reflux | ||
| GERD | gastroesophageal reflux disease | ||
| GFR | glomerular filtration rate | ||
| GH | growth hormone | ||
| GHA | glucoheptonate | ||
| GI | gastrointestinal | ||
| GIST | gastrointestinal stromal tumor | ||
| GMP | guanosine monophosphate | ||
| GMRH | germinal matrix–related hemorrhage | ||
| GN | glomerulonephritis | ||
| GNRH | gonadotropin releasing hormone | ||
| GRASS | gradient recalled acquisition in steady state | ||
| GRE | gradient refocused echo | ||
| GS | gestational sac | ||
| GSV | great saphenous vein | ||
| GnRH | gonadotropin releasing hormone | ||
| GU | genitourinary | ||
| Gy | 1 gray = absorption of 1 joule of ionizing radiation by 1 kilogram of matter = 1 J • kg-1 = 1 m2 • sec-2 | ||
| γGT | gamma-glutamyltransferase | ||
| HAART | highly active antiretroviral therapy | ||
| HAGL | humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament | ||
| Hb | hemoglobin | ||
| HBME-1 | mouse monoclonal antibody to mesothelioma | ||
| HBP | high blood pressure | ||
| HBV | hepatitis B virus | ||
| HC | head circumference | ||
| HCC | hepatocellular carcinoma | ||
| HCCs | hepatocellular carcinomas | ||
| hCG | human chorionic gonadotropin | ||
| HCl | hydrochloric acid | ||
| Hct | hematocrit | ||
| HD | Hodgkin disease | ||
| HELLP | hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets | ||
| Hg | mercury | ||
| HHV8 | human herpes virus type 8 | ||
| HIAA | hydroxyindole acetic acid | ||
| HIDA | hepatic 2,6-dimethyl iminodiacetic acid | ||
| HIE | hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy | ||
| Histo | histology | ||
| HIV | human immunodeficiency virus | ||
| HL | Hodgkin lymphoma | ||
| HLA | human leukocyte antigen | ||
| HMB-45 | monoclonal antibody against human melanoma black | ||
| HMPAO | hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime = exametazime | ||
| HNP | herniated nucleus pulposus | ||
| HOCM | hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy; high-osmolar contrast media | ||
| HPF | high power field (400 x magnification) | ||
| HPO | hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy | ||
| HPS | hypertrophic pyloric stenosis | ||
| HPT | hyperparathyroidism | ||
| HPV | human papilloma virus | ||
| hr | hour(s) | ||
| HRCT | high-resolution CT | ||
| HRT | hormone replacement therapy | ||
| HSA | human serum albumin | ||
| HSG | hysterosalpingography | ||
| HSV | herpes simplex virus | ||
| HTN | hypertension | ||
| HU | Hounsfield unit | ||
| HV | hepatic vein | ||
| HypoPT | hypoparathyroidism | ||
| Hx | history | ||
| IAA | interruption of aortic arch | ||
| IAC | internal auditory canal | ||
| ICA | internal carotid artery | ||
| ICBT | intercostal bronchial trunk a. | ||
| ICP | intracranial pressure | ||
| IDA | iminodiacetic acid | ||
| IDC | invasive ductal carcinoma | ||
| IDDM | insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus | ||
| IDM | infant of diabetic mother | ||
| ie | id est | ||
| IgA | Immunoglobulin A | ||
| IgE | Immunoglobulin E | ||
| IgG | Immunoglobulin G | ||
| IGL | inferior glenohumeral ligament | ||
| IGHLC | inferior glenohumeral labroligamentous complex | ||
| IGL | inferior glenohumeral ligament | ||
| IgM | immunoglobulin M | ||
| IHSS | idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis | ||
| IIP | idiopathic interstitial pneumonia | ||
| ILC | invasive lobular carcinoma | ||
| IM | intramuscular | ||
| IMA | inferior mesenteric artery | ||
| IMH | intramural hematoma | ||
| IMV | inferior mesenteric vein | ||
| In | indium | ||
| inf | inferior | ||
| intermed | intermediate | ||
| IPF | idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis | ||
| IPH | idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis; intraparenchymal hemorrhage | ||
| IPMT | intraductal papillary mucinous tumor | ||
| IQ | intelligence quotient | ||
| IR | inversion recovery | ||
| IRP | international reference preparation | ||
| IRU | inferior radioulnar joint | ||
| IRV | inspiratory reserve volume | ||
| IS | iliosacral; international standard | ||
| IU | international unit = amount of a substance, based on measured biological activity or effect | ||
| IUD | intrauterine device | ||
| IUGR | intrauterine growth retardation | ||
| IUP | intrauterine pregnancy | ||
| IV | intravenous | ||
| IVC | inferior vena cava | ||
| IVDA | intravenous drug abuse | ||
| IVH | intraventricular hemorrhage | ||
| IVP | intravenous pyelogram | ||
| IVS | intraventricular septum | ||
| IVU | intravenous urogram | ||
| JAA | juxtaposition of atrial appendages | ||
| KCC | Kulchitsky cell carcinoma | ||
| kDa | atomic weight in terms of kilodaltons | ||
| keV | 1 kiloelectron volt = 1.60217646 × 10-16 joules | ||
| kV | kilovolt | ||
| kVp | kilovolt peak | ||
| KUB | kidney + ureter + bladder on one film | ||
| L | left | ||
| L-DOPA | 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-levo-alanin | ||
| LA | left atrium | ||
| LAD | left anterior descending | ||
| LAO | left anterior oblique | ||
| LAT | lateral | ||
| LATS | long-acting thyroid stimulating | ||
| lbs | pounds (Libra pondo, Latin) | ||
| LCA | left coronary artery | ||
| LCH | Langerhans cell histiocytosis | ||
| LCIS | lobular carcinoma in situ | ||
| LCL | lateral collateral ligament | ||
| LCx | left circumflex coronary artery | ||
| LDH | lactate dehydrogenase | ||
| LE | lupus erythematosus | ||
| LES | lower esophageal sphincter | ||
| LFTs | liver function tests | ||
| LGA | large for gestational age | ||
| LGE | late gadolinium-induced enhancement | ||
| LH | luteinizing hormone | ||
| LHBB | long head of biceps brachii | ||
| LHRH | luteinizing hormone releasing hormone | ||
| lig. | ligament | ||
| ligg. | ligaments | ||
| LIP | lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis | ||
| LL | lower lobes | ||
| LLL | left lower lobe | ||
| LLQ | left lower quadrant | ||
| LM | left main coronary artery; lateromedial | ||
| LMP | last menstrual period | ||
| Lnn | lymph nodes | ||
| LOCM | low-osmolar contrast media | ||
| LPA | left pulmonary artery | ||
| LPD | lymphoproliferative disease | ||
| LPO | left posterior oblique | ||
| LPV | left portal vein | ||
| L/S | Lecithin-Sphingomyelin (ratio) | ||
| LSA | left subclavian artery | ||
| LSD | lysergic acid diethylamide | ||
| LUL | left upper lobe | ||
| LUQ | left upper quadrant | ||
| LV | left ventricle | ||
| LVEF | left ventricular ejection fraction | ||
| LVET | left ventricular ejection time | ||
| LVFT1 | left ventricular fast filling time | ||
| LVOT | left ventricular outflow tract | ||
| LVPW | left ventricular posterior wall | ||
| M | male | ||
| m | meter | ||
| m. | muscle | ||
| MA | menstrual age | ||
| MAA | macroaggregated albumin | ||
| MAG | mercaptoacetyltriglycine | ||
| MAI | Mycobacterium avium intracellulare | ||
| MALT | mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue | ||
| Mammo | mammography | ||
| max. | maximum | ||
| MBC | maximum breathing capacity | ||
| MBq | mega Becquerel = 106 Bq | ||
| MCA | middle cerebral artery | ||
| MCDK | multicystic dysplastic kidney | ||
| mCi | millicurie (1 mCi = 3.7×107 disintegrations per sec) | ||
| MCP | metacarpophalangeal | ||
| MCL | medial collateral ligament | ||
| MDMA | 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine | ||
| MDP | methylene diphosphonate | ||
| MEA | multiple endocrine adenomas | ||
| MED | medial | ||
| MELAS | Mitochondrial myopathy, Encephalopathy, Lactic acidosis, And Strokelike episodes | ||
| MEN | multiple endocrine neoplasms | ||
| mEq | milliequivalent | ||
| mets | metastases | ||
| MFH | malignant fibrous histiocytoma | ||
| MGL | middle glenohumeral ligament | ||
| mGy | absorbed energy of ionizing radiation (1 Gy = 1 J • kg-1 = 1 m2 • sec-2) | ||
| MHA | microhemagglutination assay | ||
| MIBG | metaiodobenzylguanidine | ||
| MIBI | methoxyisobutylisonitril | ||
| min. | minimum | ||
| min | minute(s) | ||
| MIP | maximum intensity projection | ||
| MIT | monoiodotyrosine | ||
| mIU | 1 • 10-6 IU | ||
| ML | middle lobe | ||
| MLCN | multilocular cystic nephroma | ||
| MLO | mediolateral oblique | ||
| mm. | muscles | ||
| MMAA | mini-microaggregated albumin colloid | ||
| MMFR | maximal midexpiratory flow rate | ||
| mo | month(s) | ||
| MoM | multiple of mean | ||
| MPA | main pulmonary artery | ||
| MPS | mucopolysaccharidosis | ||
| MPV | main portal vein | ||
| MR | magnetic resonance | ||
| MRA | magnetic resonance angiography | ||
| MRCP | magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography | ||
| MRV | magnetic resonance venography | ||
| MS-AFP | maternal serum - fetoprotein | ||
| mSv | millisievert (1 Sv = 1 J/kg) | ||
| MT | metatarsal | ||
| MTP | metatarsophalangeal | ||
| MTT | mean transit time | ||
| MUGA | multiple gated acquisition | ||
| MV | mitral valve | ||
| MVA | motor vehicle accident | ||
| MVC | motor vehicle collision | ||
| Myelo | myelography | ||
| NASCET | North American symptomatic endarterectomy trial | ||
| N.B. | nota bene | ||
| NCCT | noncontrast CT | ||
| NECT | nonenhanced computed tomography | ||
| NF1 | neurofibromatosis type 1 | ||
| NG | nasogastric | ||
| NHL | non-Hodgkin lymphoma | ||
| NIDDM | non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus | ||
| nn. | nerves | ||
| NMLE | non-masslike enhancement | ||
| NOS | not otherwise specified | ||
| npl | neoplasm | ||
| NPO | nulla per os | ||
| NPV | negative predictive value | ||
| NRC | Nuclear Regulatory Commission | ||
| NSAID | nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug | ||
| NSAIDs | nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs | ||
| NSIP | nonspecific interstitial pneumonia | ||
| NST | nonstress test | ||
| NTD | neural tube defect | ||
| NTDs | neural tube defects | ||
| NUC | nuclear medicine | ||
| OB | obstetrical | ||
| OB-US | obstetrical ultrasound | ||
| OBL | oblique | ||
| OEIS | omphalocele, (bladder) exstrophy, imperforate anus, spinal defects | ||
| OFD | occipitofrontal diameter | ||
| OHSS | ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome | ||
| OI | osteogenesis imperfecta | ||
| OIH | orthoiodohippurate | ||
| OKC | odontogenic keratocyst | ||
| P | phosphorus | ||
| p-ANCA | perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies | ||
| PA | posteroanterior; pulmonary artery | ||
| PACs | premature atrial contractions | ||
| PAH | para-aminohippurate; precapillary pulmonary arterial hypertension | ||
| PALM | premature with accelerated lung maturity | ||
| PAP | primary atypical pneumonia; pulmonary alveolar proteinosis | ||
| PAPVR | partial anomalous pulmonary venous return | ||
| PAS | periodic acid Schiff | ||
| PASH | pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia | ||
| Path | pathology | ||
| PAVM | pulmonary arteriovenous malformation | ||
| PAWP | pulmonary artery wedge pressure | ||
| PBF | pulmonary blood flow | ||
| PCA | posterior cerebral artery | ||
| PCKD | polycystic kidney disease | ||
| PCL | posterior cruciate ligament | ||
| pCom | posterior communicating artery | ||
| PCP | Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia | ||
| PCWP | pulmonary capillary wedge pressure | ||
| PD | posterior descending artery | ||
| PDA | patent ductus arteriosus | ||
| PE | pulmonary embolism | ||
| PEEP | positive end expiratory pressure | ||
| PEP | preejection period | ||
| PET | positron emission tomography, pancreatic endocrine tumor | ||
| PFT | pulmonary function tests | ||
| pHPT | primary hyperparathyroidism | ||
| PHPV | persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous | ||
| PHypoPT | pseudohypoparathyroidism | ||
| PICA | posterior inferior cerebellar artery | ||
| PID | pelvic inflammatory disease | ||
| PIE | pulmonary infiltrate with eosinophilia; pulmonary interstitial emphysema | ||
| PIOPED | prospective investigation of pulmonary embolus detection | ||
| PIP | proximal interphalangeal | ||
| PIPIDA | paraisopropyl iminodiacetic acid | ||
| PLCH | pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis | ||
| PLSA | posterolateral segment artery | ||
| pML | posterior mitral valve leaflet | ||
| PMMA | polymethylmethacrylate | ||
| PMN | polymorphonuclear | ||
| PMNs | polymorphonuclears | ||
| PMT | photomultiplier tube | ||
| PNET | primitive neuroectodermal tumor | ||
| PNST | peripheral nerve sheath tumor | ||
| PO | per os, Latin = by mouth | ||
| pO2 | oxygen pressure | ||
| POST | posterior | ||
| PPD | purified protein derivative | ||
| PPG | photoplethysmography | ||
| PPHypoPT | pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism | ||
| ppm | parts per million | ||
| PPROM | preterm premature rupture of membranes | ||
| PPV | positive predictive value; positive-pressure ventilation | ||
| pRCC | papillary renal cell cancer | ||
| preval | prevalence | ||
| p.r.n. | pro re nata, Latin = as the circumstance arises | ||
| PS | pulmonary stenosis | ||
| PSA | prostate-specific antigen | ||
| PSS | progressive systemic sclerosis | ||
| PSV | peak systolic velocity | ||
| PTA | percutaneous transluminal angioplasty | ||
| PTC | percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography | ||
| PTH | parathyroid hormone | ||
| pTL | posterior tricuspid valve leaflet | ||
| PTU | propylthiouracil | ||
| PV | portal vein; pulmonary valve | ||
| PVC | polyvinyl chloride | ||
| PVCs | premature ventricular contractions | ||
| PVH | pulmonary venous hypertension | ||
| PVL | periventricular leukomalacia | ||
| PVNS | pigmented villonodular synovitis | ||
| PVP | portal venous phase | ||
| PVR | pulse volume recording; postvoid residual | ||
| PYP | pyrophosphate | ||
| QPS | quantitative perfusion SPECT | ||
| R | right | ||
| RA | rheumatoid arthritis; right atrium | ||
| RAA | right aortic arch; right atrial appendage | ||
| rad | radiation absorbed dose, in 1975 replaced by gray (Gy) | ||
| RAIU | radioactive iodine uptake | ||
| RAO | right anterior oblique | ||
| Rb | Rubidium | ||
| RB-ILD | respiratory bronchiolitis-associated interstitial lung disease | ||
| RBC | red blood cell | ||
| RBCs | red blood cells | ||
| RCA | right coronary artery | ||
| RCC | renal cell carcinoma | ||
| RCCs | renal cell carcinomas | ||
| RDS | respiratory distress syndrome | ||
| rel. | relative | ||
| RES | reticuloendothelial system | ||
| RHV | right hepatic vein | ||
| RI | resistive index | ||
| RIBA | recombinant immunoblot assay | ||
| RIND | reversible ischemic neurologic deficit | ||
| RISA | radioiodine serum albumin | ||
| RLAT | right lateral | ||
| RLL | right lower lobe | ||
| RLQ | right lower quadrant | ||
| RML | right middle lobe | ||
| RMS | root mean square | ||
| ROC | receiver operating characteristic | ||
| ROI | region of interest | ||
| ROIs | regions of interest | ||
| RPF | renal plasma flow | ||
| RPO | right posterior oblique | ||
| RPV | right portal vein | ||
| RPW | relative percentage washout | ||
| RSV | respiratory syncytial virus | ||
| RTA | renal tubular acidosis | ||
| RUL | right upper lobe | ||
| RUQ | right upper quadrant | ||
| RV | residual volume; right ventricle | ||
| RVOT | right ventricular outflow tract | ||
| RVT | renal vein thrombosis | ||
| Rx | therapy | ||
| S1Q3T3 | prominent S wave in lead I + Q wave and inverted T wave in lead III | ||
| S/P | status post | ||
| SAE | subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy | ||
| SAG | sagittal | ||
| SAH | subarachnoid hemorrhage | ||
| SBE | subacute bacterial endocarditis | ||
| SBFT | small bowel follow-through | ||
| SBO | small bowel obstruction | ||
| SCC | squamous cell carcinoma | ||
| SCBE | single-contrast barium enema | ||
| SCLC | small cell lung cancer | ||
| SCMM | sternocleidomastoid muscle | ||
| S/D | systolic / diastolic (ratio) | ||
| SD | standard deviation | ||
| SDS | summed difference score | ||
| SE | spin echo | ||
| Sens | sensitivity | ||
| SGA | small for gestational age | ||
| SGL | superior glenohumeral ligament | ||
| sHPT | secondary hyperparathyroidism | ||
| SI | signal intensity | ||
| SIJ | sacroiliac joint | ||
| SIS | Second International Standard | ||
| SLAP | superior labral tear from anterior to posterior | ||
| SLE | systemic lupus erythematosus | ||
| SMA | superior mesenteric artery | ||
| SMV | superior mesenteric vein | ||
| Sn | stannum | ||
| SNHL | sensorineural hearing loss | ||
| SOB | shortness of breath | ||
| S/P | status post | ||
| Specif | specificity | ||
| SPECT | single photon emission | ||
| SPIO | superparamagnetic iron oxide | ||
| SQ | subcutaneous | ||
| SRS | summed rest score | ||
| SSS | summed stress score | ||
| STH | somatotrophic hormone | ||
| STIR | short tau inversion recovery | ||
| supp | suppositorium, suppository | ||
| Surg | surgery | ||
| SUV | standardized uptake values | ||
| SVC | superior vena cava | ||
| SVCs | superior venae cavae | ||
| T1WI | T1-weighted image | ||
| T2WI | T2-weighted image | ||
| TAH | total abdominal hysterectomy | ||
| TAPVR | total anomalous pulmonary venous return | ||
| TB | tuberculosis | ||
| TBG | thyroxin-binding globulin | ||
| Tc | Technetium | ||
| TCC | transitional cell carcinoma | ||
| TDLU | terminal ductal lobular unit | ||
| TDLUs | terminal ductal lobular units | ||
| TE | echo time | ||
| TEF | tracheoesophageal fistula | ||
| TGA | transposition of great arteries | ||
| TGV | transposition of great vessels | ||
| tHPT | tertiary hyperparathyroidism | ||
| TIA | transitory ischemic attack | ||
| TIAs | transitory ischemic attacks | ||
| TLC | total lung capacity | ||
| Tm | transport maximum across tubular cells | ||
| Tmax | time to maximum peak | ||
| TMB-IDA | 2,4,6-trimethylbromo-acetanilide iminodiacetic acid | ||
| TN | true negative | ||
| TNF | tumor necrosis factor | ||
| TNM | tumor nodes metastasis | ||
| TOA | tuboovarian abscess | ||
| TOF | tetralogy of Fallot; time of flight | ||
| TORCH | toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes virus | ||
| TP | true positive | ||
| TPN | total parenteral nutrition | ||
| TPROM | term premature rupture of membranes | ||
| TR | repetition time | ||
| TRH | thyrotropin-releasing hormone | ||
| TRV | transverse | ||
| TSC | tuberous sclerosis | ||
| TSH | thyroid-stimulating hormone | ||
| TURP | transurethral resection of prostate | ||
| TV | tidal volume | ||
| UA | umbilical artery | ||
| UCL | ulnar collateral ligament | ||
| uE3 | unconjugated estriol | ||
| UGI | upper gastrointestinal series | ||
| UICC | Union Internationale Contre le Cancer | ||
| UIP | usual interstitial pneumonia | ||
| UL | upper lobe | ||
| UPJ | ureteropelvic junction | ||
| URI | upper respiratory infection | ||
| US | ultrasound | ||
| USA | United States of America | ||
| USP | United States Pharmacopoeia | ||
| USP XX | United States Pharmacopoeia, 20th edition | ||
| UTI | urinary tract infection | ||
| UTIs | urinary tract infections | ||
| UVJ | ureterovesical junction | ||
| Uvol | urine volume | ||
| VACTERL | vertebral, anorectal, cardiovascular, tracheo-esophageal fistula, renal, limb anomalies | ||
| VC | vital capacity | ||
| VCUG | voiding cystourethrogram | ||
| VDRL | venereal disease research laboratory | ||
| vHL | Von Hippel-Lindau disease | ||
| VIP | vasoactive intestinal peptides | ||
| VMA | vanillylmandelic acid | ||
| VP | ventriculoperitoneal | ||
| V/Q | ventilation perfusion | ||
| VR | Virchow-Robin space | ||
| vs. | versus | ||
| VSD | ventricular septal defect | ||
| VSDs | ventricular septal defects | ||
| VUR | vesicoureteral reflux | ||
| vv. | venae, veins | ||
| WAGR | Wilms tumor, aniridia, genital abnormalities, mental retardation | ||
| WBC | white blood cell | ||
| WBCs | white blood cells | ||
| WDHA | watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, achlorhydria | ||
| WDHH | watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, hypochlorhydria | ||
| WM | white matter | ||
| wk | week(s) | ||
| w/o | without | ||
| WPW | Wolff-Parkinson-White | ||
| wt/vol | weight/volume percent = amount of solute in g per amount of solution in mL | ||
| XGP | xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis | ||
| YS | yolk sac | ||
| yr | year(s) |