Bone and Soft-Tissue Disorders
= AMSTERDAM DWARFISM
- mental retardation (IQ <50); hirsutism; hypoplastic genitalia
- feeble growling cry; high forehead; short neck; arched palate
- bushy eyebrows meeting in midline + long curved eyelashes
- small nose with depressed bridge; upward tilted nostrils; excessive distance between nose + upper lip
- small + brachycephalic skull
- hypoplasia of long bones: upper extremity more involved
- forearm bones may be absent
- short radius + elbow dislocation
- thumbs placed proximally (hypoplastic 1st metacarpal)
- short phalanges + clinodactyly of 5th finger