Susceptible to recurrent elevation or decrease in the force exerted by blood flow on the arterial wall, above or below desired individual levels

• Anxiety
• Edema
• Excessive bleeding
• Excessive fluid volume
• Excessive stress
• Inadequate fluid volume
• Inadequate follow through with treatment regimen
• Inadequate knowledge of risk factors
• Inadequate self-management of orthostasis
• Inappropriate dietary habits
• Ineffective overweight self-management
• Ineffective sleep pattern
• Sedentary behavior occurring for ≥ 2 hours/day
• Substance misuse
• Tobacco use

• Cardiovascular diseases
• Cushing syndrome
• Diabetes mellitus
• Dyslipidemias
• Fluid shifts
• Hormonal change
• Increased intracranial pressure
• Metabolic syndrome
• Parathyroid diseases
• Pharmaceutical preparations
• Post traumatic stress disorders
• Thyroid diseases
• Water-electrolyte imbalance

• History of present illness
• History of circulatory disease
• History of drug abuse
• History of steroid use
• Cardiovascular status including blood pressure, heart rate and rhythm, skin color, temperature, and peripheral pulses
• Current medications, effectiveness
• History of medication compliance
• Medical history including family history, history of cardiovascular disease, and medication history
• Patient knowledge of current medications

• Patient will remain hemodynamically stable.
• Patient's blood pressure will be maintained within normal limits.
• Patient will verbalize modifiable risk factors for high blood pressure.
• Patient will identify reportable symptoms of low blood pressure.
• Patient will take medications as directed.

Suggested NOC Outcomes

• Assess hemodynamic status, including blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate for any abnormalities that may be early indicators of high or low blood pressure.
• Assist with preparation and completion of diagnostic tests and postprocedural care. Safe completion of diagnostic tests will result in improved patient outcomes.
• Treat episodes of high or low blood pressure promptly. Perfusion is decreased if blood pressure is not within normal limits.
• Provide patient with information regarding modifiable risk factors. Knowledge of risk factors will contribute to informed decisions about lifestyle changes.
• Encourage patient and family to share concerns regarding outcomes of tests to reduce anxiety.
• Collaborate with other members of the health care team to ensure that all underlying medical conditions are being managed effectively. This will minimize the possibility of high and low blood pressure complications.

Suggested NIC Interventions

• Patient remains hemodynamically stable.
• Patient's blood pressure is maintained within normal limits.
• Patient verbalizes modifiable risk factors for high blood pressure.
• Patient identifies and reports symptoms of low blood pressure.
• Patient complies with medication regimen as directed.

• Hemodynamic status including vital signs and physical assessment findings
• Patient's report of any symptoms related to high or low blood pressure
• Patient's understanding of risk reduction interventions
• Evaluation of expected outcomes

• Jones, D. W. (2018). Blood pressure management: Beyond the guidelines. Hypertension, 71(6), 969-971.
• Perry, H., Thilaganathan, B., Khalil, A., & Sheehan, E. (2018). Home blood-pressure monitoring in a hypertensive pregnant population. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology, 51(4), 524-530.
• Schwartz, C. L., Seyed-Safi, A., Haque, S., Bray, E. P., Greenfield, S., Hobbs, F. D. R., … Mcmanus, R. J. (2018). Do patients actually do what we ask: Patient fidelity and persistence to the targets and self-management for the control of blood pressure in stroke and at risk groups blood pressure self-management intervention. Journal of Hypertension, 36(8), 1753-1761.
• Weber, M. A., Chapple, C. R., Gratzke, C., Herschorn, S., Robinson, D., Frankel, J. M., … White, W. B. (2018). A strategy utilizing ambulatory monitoring and home and clinic blood pressure measurements to optimize the safety evaluation of noncardiovascular drugs with potential for hemodynamic effects: A report from the SYNERGY trial. Blood Pressure Monitoring, 23(3), 153-163.