| Intrathecal Drug | Dosing | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Clonidine | 15–45 µg improves the quality of spinal blockade in outpatient surgery | Side effects increase significantly at intrathecal doses >150 µg |
| Epinephrine | 0.1–0.6 mg Produces dose-related increase in the return of motor function and micturition | Not recommended for outpatient surgery |
| Neostigmine | 6.25–50 µg Produces dose-related increase in motor blockade, time for resolution of the block, and nausea and vomiting | Further studies of the appropriate intrathecal dose that optimizes analgesia while minimizing side effects are needed |