| Decrease | Increase |
|---|---|
| Volatile anesthetics | Increased venous pressure (coughing, vomiting) |
| Injected anesthetics (? ketamine) | Direct laryngoscopy |
| Hyperventilation | Hypoventilation |
| Hypothermia | Arterial hypoxemia |
| Mannitol | Succinylcholine |
| Glycerin | |
| Nondepolarizing muscle relaxants | |
| Timolol | |
| Betaxolol |