| Technique | Comments |
|---|---|
| Preoperative autologous donation (PAD) | Increased total transfusion requirement; lower preoperative hemoglobin levels |
| Acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) | Limited evidence of benefit; contains clotting factors and platelets |
| Intraoperative blood salvage (IOBS) | Cost effective, low risk, and highly efficacious |
| Postoperative blood salvage (POBS) | Proven efficacious for orthopedic surgery |
| Pharmacologic agents | |
| Erythropoietin, vitamin B12, folate Vitamin K, DDAVP, antifibrinolytics, rFVIIa Hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying solutions |
DDAVP = 1-damino-8-D-arginine vasopressin; rFVIIa = recombinant activated factor VII.